tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39749642764137645632024-03-12T20:35:57.596-07:00Caroline ItjenDental Hygienist and VolunteerAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-90667532760928607042017-03-10T17:21:00.002-08:002017-03-10T17:21:52.625-08:00North Shore Animal League Looking to Open New Cat Shelter<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">As a dental hygienist in Queens and Long Island, New York, Caroline Itjen performs dental cleanings, oral cancer screenings, charting of decay disease conditions, and so much more. Aside from her professional responsibilities, Caroline Itjen is an animal lover who volunteers as a dog walker with <a href="http://www.animalleague.org/adopt-a-pet/cats/adopt" target="_blank">North Shore Animal League</a>.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">North Country Initiative of North Shore Animal League America is looking to make use of an old medical office building by creating a shelter for cats. In line with this, the organization is willing to install closed-circuit televisions outside the said building and post signs to inform people that abandoning cats is an illegal act. The said plan is still awaitinf approval by the Planning Board in the city.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">If the plan pushes through, the shelter will welcome more than 40 cats for adoption. These cats entering the shelter will be kept in a separate location for a preliminary monitoring period.</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-4218490634508027562016-06-23T15:12:00.002-07:002016-06-23T15:12:59.187-07:00<div class="PromoBoxHeadLeft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: "Open Sans", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
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Teeth staining summary by color and origin for the dental hygiene exams</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">June 17, 2016</span></div>
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<i>Review this summary to successfully pass the dental hygiene exams</i></h3>
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<b>By Claire Jeong, BS, MS, RDH</b></div>
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We have all probably tried to drink our coffee and even wine through a straw to avoid staining our teeth, but what else can cause stains? And can stains be removed? Let’s discover how we can use the color and pattern of stains to see how they occurred and whether they can be removed. If you are taking the <a href="https://www.studentrdh.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">dental hygiene board exams</a>, try your best to memorize the summary of teeth staining below.</div>
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<b>Staining by Color</b></div>
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The color of the stain tells a lot about how the discoloration occurred:</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Orange-red:</b> chromogenic bacteria, chromic acid/copper chemicals</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Yellow: </b>heavy dental biofilm/calculus</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Green:</b> Nasmyth’s membrane<b> </b>(thin tissue on newly erupted teeth), copper/nickel chemicals</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Blue:</b> dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Brown spot:</b> potential carious lesions, fluorosis</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Brown:</b> chlorhexidine, tobacco, food (e.g., red wine, tea, coffee), stannous fluoride</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Black</b>: iron/silver/manganese chemicals, betel leaves</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Grey:</b> pulp necrosis, amalgam restoration</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>White:</b> demineralization, fluorosis</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Bands of dark colors:</b> tetracycline</li>
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<picture><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%201.jpg.scale.LARGE.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%201.jpg.scale.MEDIUM.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcset="/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%201.jpg.scale.SMALL.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 1px)" srcset="/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%201.jpg.scale.XSMALL.jpg"></source><img alt="teeth staining" src="https://www.dentistryiq.com/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%201.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; margin: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></picture></div>
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<b>Figure caption:</b> <i>A - Betel leaf, B. Dentinogenesis imperfecta, C. Carious lesion, D. Tobacco, E. Pulp necrosis, F. Fluorosis</i></div>
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If you memorize this, you are ahead of the game. Now let’s expand on the topic of teeth discoloration by reviewing some definitions.</div>
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<b>Exogenous vs Endogenous: When Did Staining Occur?</b></div>
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Did the discoloration occur <i>during</i> or <i>after</i> tooth development? There are two definitions related to “when” the staining occurred.</div>
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<b>• </b><u>Endogenous stain</u>: occurred <i>during</i> tooth development</div>
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Fluorosis is considered an endogenous stain because the fluoride mineral affected the teeth while they were forming. Depending on the severity, affected teeth can have white/brown spots, milky opalescence, pitting, and also mottling. Tetracycline stain is also considered endogenous because the antibiotic consumed by the mother influenced the tooth development of the fetus.</div>
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<b>• </b><u>Exogenous stain</u>: occurred <i>after</i> tooth eruption</div>
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Dietary pigments from foods and beverages are one of the most common causes of teeth staining. Pulpal necrosis, and its dark discoloration, is also considered a type of exogenous stain, if occurred after the tooth is completely formed and erupted.</div>
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<b>Intrinsic vs Extrinsic: Where Is the Stain Located?</b></div>
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Is the stain outside or inside the tooth structure? There are two definitions related to “where” the stain is located.</div>
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<b>• </b><u>Intrinsic stain</u>: located <i>within</i> the tooth</div>
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This type of stain cannot be removed by scaling and/or polishing. It may be reduced by whitening to some degree, but will not disappear easily. Examples of intrinsic stains include fluorosis, tetracycline stain, and pulpitis.</div>
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<b>• </b><u>Extrinsic stain</u>: located on the <i>surface</i> of the tooth</div>
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Since the stain is on the outside of the tooth, it can be removed by scaling and/or polishing. But over time extrinsic stain can become intrinsic. Examples of extrinsic stains include food (e.g., coffee), tobacco, and plaque.</div>
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Review the example below.</div>
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<picture><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%202%20edited.jpg.scale.LARGE.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%202%20edited.jpg.scale.MEDIUM.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcset="/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%202%20edited.jpg.scale.SMALL.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 1px)" srcset="/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%202%20edited.jpg.scale.XSMALL.jpg"></source><img alt="teeth staining" height="149" src="https://www.dentistryiq.com/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/06/Teeth%20Staining%20picture%202%20edited.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; margin: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="253" /></picture></div>
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The discoloration shown in the photo is most likely caused by:</div>
<ol>
<li style="text-align: left;">Tetracycline</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Fluorosis</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Pulpal necrosis</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Tobacco</li>
</ol>
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Answer: 1. Tetracycline</div>
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The teeth are yellow/brown/grey and have visible “bands.” Bands of discoloration are characteristics of severe tetracycline staining caused during teeth formation. For this reason, tetracycline is contraindicated for pregnant or lactating mothers. Fluorosis can create <b>white/brown </b>spots, milky opalescence, pitting, and also mottling, but is not characterized by bands of discoloration. Pulpal necrosis can cause darkening of the affected tooth (not the entire dentition). Tobacco can cause dark, irregular stains especially on the lingual surfaces of teeth.</div>
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In closing, try to apply this knowledge to case studies. See if the stains are related to medications (e.g., chlorhexidine) or habits (e.g., smoking) the patient may have. Lastly, go one step further to understand if the stain can be removed with scaling or polishing. Studies have shown that it takes at least 3 reviews to memorize new information. Ensure you continuously review this summary to successfully pass the <a href="https://www.studentrdh.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">dental hygiene exams</a> and become the star clinician!</div>
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<b>References</b></div>
<ol>
<li style="text-align: left;"> Wilkins EM. (2013) Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist 11th ed. Philadelphia PA: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">DeLong L, Burkhart NW. (2013) General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. 2nd ed. Baltimore MD: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Ibsen O, Phelan JA. (2014) Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. 6<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">th</sup> ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.</li>
</ol>
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Claire Jeong is the founder of <a href="http://www.studentrdh.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">StudentRDH</a>, a review solution for the <a href="http://www.studentrdh.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">National Dental Hygiene Board Exams</a>, Local Anesthesia Board exams and CSCE. She graduated from MCPHS Uni</div>
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The mascot Molly the Molar was part of the "Dental Adventure" held at Holyoke Health Center to mark National Children's Dental Health Month. <em>(SUBMITTED PHOTO)</em></div>
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HEALTH CARE</h3>
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<strong>By Colin A. Young<br />STATE HOUSE NEWS SERVICE</strong></div>
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STATE HOUSE, BOSTON, MAY 25, 2016.....Your next tooth extraction or crown work might not be performed by a dentist but rather an advanced dental hygiene practitioner, a designation created under a budget amendment unanimously adopted Wednesday in the Senate.</div>
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Adding to a stream of policy ideas being tacked onto the annual spending bill, the amendment filed by Worcester Sen. Harriette Chandler designates dental hygiene practitioners, a mid-level professional similar to a physician assistant on a medical team. Chandler said those providers would increase dental access for vulnerable populations and make health care spending more efficient.</div>
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"This amendment allows us to expand care to people who need it without asking for more investment from our taxpayers. This is a safe, this is a proven model for dental care that has worked for decades in other countries," Chandler said. "This model has been approved by the Commission on Dental Accreditation, which sets the national standards for all dental providers."</div>
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Chandler said Minnesota and Alaska have already created the designation, and both Maine and Vermont are in the process of doing the same. Dental hygiene practitioners work under the supervision of a licensed dentist while providing routine care, she said.</div>
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Among the additional training required for dental hygiene practitioners would be a focus on patients who have special needs and elderly patients in nursing homes, Chandler said.</div>
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"This provider model is necessary because, quite frankly, minority communities, people with special needs, nearly 50 percent of the children on MassHealth and 60 percent of the seniors in long-term care struggle to access just normal dental care," Chandler said. "This model allows practitioners to serve rural areas and bring care directly to people in schools, nursing homes and other settings."</div>
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Minority Leader Bruce Tarr, who called the issue of oral health "critically important," asked Chandler what the economic impact could be for dentists, noting that adding a new group of providers could "divert patients from their stream."</div>
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"I'm sure this is a concern of many dentists, and it shouldn't be," Chandler said in response. "We have enough research which shows that in taking on this new provider group dentists will be able to enhance their earnings and allow them to treat more underserved people."</div>
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Because of the training and certification that will be required for dental hygiene practitioners, Chandler said she does not expect the first dental hygiene practitioner to begin providing care for at least three years.</div>
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"As we envision a more patient-centered health care system that integrates oral health, we must embrace alternative strategies that make it easier and more affordable for children and families to access the dental care they need," Amy Whitcomb Slemmer, executive director of Health Care For All, said in a statement. "Passage of this provision is a crucial step forward as it will expand the dental team and give dentists the ability to bring care directly to patients in the community."</div>
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The amendment passed the Senate on a 39-0 roll call vote.</div>
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I see many malpractice lawsuits coming...</div>
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The motivation of this legislation is to address a rapidly expanding poverty economy needing cheaper dental care through government initiative. Reading this story, all I could think of is how medical care is practiced in Cuba and formerly the USSR.</div>
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Hopefully it will drive down dental prices by increasing competition.</div>
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Next I'd like to see a designation of advanced paralegal that can do many of the things lawyers can do (such as representing someone in court for non complex issues like a traffic ticket) to drive down the cost of legal services.</div>
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Then I'd like to see those advanced paralegals be used as public defenders.</div>
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Boy, SUPERPAC & PAC money really reaped a benefit for the dental industry once again! It had to be added to " a stream of policy ideas" because it wouldn't pass on it's own...which also means Worcester Sen. Harriette Chandler was bought and paid for and came up with a somewhat legitimate Idea..</div>
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Considering the money donated to (re)election campaigns through PACs & SUPERPAC'S, the Dental Union (DDA?) pays for favors...Consider, teeth cleaning costs $100. A bite Xray costs $130-$150. A full Mouth Xray costs $300. Big money makers for the dentists. Costs for MANDATORY Xrays are marked up exponentially! After a while, the costs will creep up and the poor and the senior citizens still won't be able to afford cleanings and MANDATORY Xrays! Dentists won't take you as a patient without them!</div>
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BAH on SUPERPAC's & PAC's, and bought for favor legislation!</div>
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Nitrous Oxide: Use and Safety</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">May 25, 2016</span></div>
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<b>A Peer-Reviewed Publication Written by Ian Shuman, DDS, MAGD, AFAAID</b></div>
<h2 style="border: 0px; font-size: 24px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Abstract</h2>
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In dentistry, nitrous oxide is the most commonly used inhalation anxiolytic and sedation adjunct. It reduces anxiety and pain, and memory of the treatment experienced. It is a valuable component of the armamentarium available to clinicians. When used correctly, it is predictable, effective, and safe.</div>
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Educational Objectives</h2>
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The focus of this clinical study is to provide the dental professional with the steps needed to deliver nitrous oxide in a safe and efficacious manner. After reading this article, the reader should be able to:</div>
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1. Review the history of nitrous oxide<br />2. Understand the properties of nitrous oxide<br />3. Know the safety recommendations<br />4. Have the ability to deliver nitrous oxide in a safe manner and know the contraindications</div>
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<br /></div>
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To view this entire course, <a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.rdhmag.com/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue5/Binder2.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">click here.</a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-66887356133810847192016-05-18T11:39:00.001-07:002016-05-18T11:39:52.596-07:00<div class="PromoBoxHeadLeft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
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Have need will travel: Independent hygienists answer calls for unique dental services</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">April 15, 2016</span></div>
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<i><b>By Kyle Isaacs, RDHEP, BHS</b></i></div>
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Although some might debate whether all people have a right to health care regardless of finances, too many people do not have access to basic dental care; in fact, more than 46 million people are unable to get the care they need.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</sup> Many children do not have access to preventive dental care, resulting in unnecessary pain, missed school days, and increased costs. In fact, dental decay is the single most common chronic childhood disease, and it is entirely preventable! This is unconscionable.</div>
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Ten million Americans have an intellectual and developmental disability (I/DD), and many of them do not have access to professional dental hygiene services.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> The number of people older than 65 is growing, and at least 1.5 million now live in some sort of long-term care residence.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</sup> Many people who cannot access basic dental care experience needless pain and are more likely to experience poor health outcomes that are largely preventable, unnecessarily increasing health-care costs.</div>
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In Oregon during 2010, there were 28,000 emergency room visits for nontraumatic dental pain (NTDP) at a cost of $8 million.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</sup> In the United States during 2009, there were 830,000 emergency room visits for NTDP.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> In Iowa during 2007, emergency room visits for NTDP cost $5 million. The 2010 costs in Florida totaled $88 million, and in 2000, adults lost 164 million hours of work and children missed 51 million hours of school due to NTDP.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup></div>
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Obviously, we have a problem in the United States! In Oregon during 2010, 25% of patients who went to an emergency room for NTDP made a repeat visit for the same problem.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</sup> Because emergency room doctors are unable to do more than prescribe pain medications and antibiotics for NTDP-and unless patients are connected with a dental home-acute pain will continue and so will visits to the emergency room. The cost for a visit to the emergency room was $294 In Oregon during 2010. In comparison, the cost to provide basic dental insurance for one person for one year was $228.3</div>
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Out in the Community</h2>
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With many people making multiple visits to the emergency room, it is apparent that not only are we not getting to the root of the problem, but it is also costing a lot more money by continuing in this manner. Imagine the possibilities if more people had access to preventive dental hygiene services by having more dental hygienists out in the community. The possibilities are limitless.</div>
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We are currently increasing access, but not nearly at the rate needed to make a dent in this epidemic. The first state to allow dental hygienists to see patients outside of a traditional dental setting and without the supervision of a dentist was Washington in 1984,2 followed by Colorado in 1987, New Hampshire in 1993, California and Nevada in 1998, and Connecticut and New Mexico in 1999.2 In total, 37 states now have some sort of law that allows dental hygienists to provide dental hygiene care in alternative settings.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</sup></div>
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With more states and more hygienists being utilized outside of the traditional setting, we should be able to decrease costs to hospitals and the government, as well as to patients from loss of work due to pain. Many dental hygienists would love to see patients in alternative settings. However, for many, the prospect seems daunting in setting up a business and finding funding, not to mention the lack of support for these endeavors.</div>
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There are many benefits to being a mobile and independent dental hygienist, and increasing access to care is one of the greatest outcomes. There are many different ways to practice that allow for a dental hygienist to be creative when choosing this route.</div>
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Community clinic</h2>
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Virginia Olea, RDHEP (registered dental hygienist in expanded practice), is from central Oregon and has experienced this firsthand. When Virginia graduated from dental hygiene school in 2008, she started working part-time in a general dental office, at a clinic, and volunteered on a mobile dental van, primarily numbing patients prior to extractions.</div>
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At the clinic, most patients had not been seen in more than 10 years, and the time allotted per patient was not enough to deal with the advanced periodontal disease. In private practice, many patients needed nonsurgical periodontal treatment, but due to exorbitant fees, they did not return for treatment.</div>
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Virginia was frustrated at not being able to offer ongoing preventive services at affordable fees. She knew that was what patients needed to help prevent further periodontal destruction. She wanted to make more of an impact on their health.</div>
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In January 2012, the Oregon Practice Act was amended to add those people who are at 200% of the federal poverty level as populations that could be seen by and treated by expanded practice dental hygienists. This was the turning point for Virginia, and she started researching how to deliver dental hygiene care as an independent practitioner.</div>
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<picture><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p01.jpg.scale.LARGE.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p01.jpg.scale.MEDIUM.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p01.jpg.scale.SMALL.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 1px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p01.jpg.scale.XSMALL.jpg"></source><img alt="Mobile dental hygienists" height="338" src="http://www.rdhmag.com/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p01.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="450" /></picture></div>
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<picture><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p03.jpg.scale.LARGE.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p03.jpg.scale.MEDIUM.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p03.jpg.scale.SMALL.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 1px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p03.jpg.scale.XSMALL.jpg"></source><img alt="Mobile dental hygienists" height="450" src="http://www.rdhmag.com/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p03.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="316" /></picture></div>
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<picture><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p02.jpg.scale.LARGE.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p02.jpg.scale.MEDIUM.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p02.jpg.scale.SMALL.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 1px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p02.jpg.scale.XSMALL.jpg"></source><img alt="Mobile dental hygienists" height="450" src="http://www.rdhmag.com/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604RDHfkac-p02.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="338" /></picture></div>
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Never in her wildest dreams did she imagine that she would be able to buy a motor home. But in 2012, she bought a 19-foot travel trailer, pulled out the dinette, and installed a used dental unit complete with chair from a government bidding website (governmentliquidations.com).</div>
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Virginia now parks her trailer in the parking lot at Mosaic Medical in Central Oregon-a federally funded medical clinic. They schedule patients for her, and she does not have to deal with filing insurance claims. She also sees low-income patients from the Latino community in Bend, Madras, and Redmond through the Latino Community Association. She spends as much time as she needs with each patient and does not charge exorbitant fees. So the patients come back to see her for maintenance.</div>
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It did not take long for patients to see the value in what she does. Virginia also contracts with the state's school sealant program to apply sealants 85 to 90 days each school year.</div>
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In addition, every three months, Virginia drives her trailer and all her equipment to Christmas Valley where she hosts a three-day clinic and provides care for seniors, migrant workers, and veterans. She has seen a total of 565 patients; 190 have come back to see her multiple times, and 56 of those patients had been going to a dental office and stopped upon losing insurance and/or not being able to pay the rising fees. The average age of her patients is 38.</div>
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She loves being her own boss and being able to offer affordable dental hygiene services to her community.</div>
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Of course, there are a few downsides to being mobile and having your own business. It takes more time to set up and put things away. According to Virginia, though, it is well worth it because she knows she is making a difference. Other downsides are the startup costs. The population group that the dental hygienist chooses to care for often will dictate some of the supplies needed.</div>
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"For a while, I was taking care of the Latino/Hispanic population in a church and decided it would be best to have a mobile unit that included a handpiece, an air/water syringe, and suction," she said. "For those working with the elderly, those in acute care, or some I/DD, having a mobile unit might not be necessary or recommended. Starting out small and not spending a lot of money can be more doable when there are so many other things to think about at the onset."</div>
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She offers advice for those hygienists interested in making the leap. She recommends having a conversation with organizations that work with the target population you are interested in treating. Don't get discouraged if you get no response, or if it is negative; keep persevering.</div>
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Virginia can be reached at <a href="mailto:vir5410@yahoo.com" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">vir5410@yahoo.com</a> and her mobile business is called Caring Touch Dental Hygiene. As a side note, her husband makes portable units for dental hygienists. His business is called Dental Dolly.</div>
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Some mobile dental hygienists love working with the elderly and those with declining memory. Many live in long-term care facilities (LTC). Those living in LTCs are generally unable to access dental care, and this population group is three times more likely to acquire aspiration pneumonia, the second most common infection at an LTC and a leading cause of hospital admissions and subsequent death.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</sup> Access to preventive services would lower the risk of aspiration pneumonia in this population. <sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">6,7</sup></div>
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Caring for the elderly</h2>
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Like Virginia, Shirley Smith, a registered dental hygienist in expanded practice in California, worked in a mobile dental van and in a private practice early in her career. Shirley was motivated to go out on her own because she did not feel appreciated for her hard work. She wanted more satisfaction out of her career. She loves being her own boss, being independent, and making her own hours.</div>
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Shirley takes care of patients from any population group but especially loves taking care of seniors, especially those with Alzheimer's or dementia, and she loves making a difference in their lives and the challenge it brings. Shirley has a lot of compassion, and the families of her clients recognize this. They have told her that is what sets her apart from other health-care providers.</div>
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Shirley works four to five days each week and sees five to eight patients a day. Frequently, her patients are moving around while she treats them. Sometimes she tries to provide dental hygiene care while they are walking around. Some of her Alzheimer's clients are on medications that agitate them, and they can't stop walking.</div>
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"I often walk backwards and scale ... until I back into a wall," she said. This certainly makes her day interesting and always unpredictable.</div>
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With her own business, Shirley knows she is appreciated and her patients look forward to their visits with her. Sad as it seems, she is often their only visitor. One of the most difficult aspects of her work is when one of her patients dies. Recently, one died in her arms after saying, "I'm dying. You made me smile, and you are the last person to see me smile and make me laugh."</div>
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Shirley knows that she is not only providing preventive dental hygiene care, but is making a difference in people's lives. Her setup is different than Virginia's, as she has all of her supplies in a box, making it easy to transport. Although Shirley owns a mobile unit, she uses it with the general population but not with those with Alzheimer's or dementia. Shirley provides care wherever she finds her clients as long as there is privacy. It might be from their bed, a chair, or even the commode seat!</div>
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In the past, when she tried to polish, many patients would bite the handpiece, and most were scared of the noise. So with her patients with dementia, she does not polish their teeth. She always brushes their teeth with chlorhexidine before scaling, leaves that new toothbrush with them, and then throws out the old one and applies fluoride varnish at the end of the appointment.</div>
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There have been some drawbacks for Shirley as nursing home corporations are taking away some of her patients. As a small business, she cannot compete with them. The corporations have not taken the time to get to know her. They have hired their own dental hygienists who must treat the patients in shortened appointments in order to see more patients. Shirley's concern is that the patients will not get the best treatment with fewer checks and balances.</div>
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Caring for the developmentally disabled</h2>
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In addition to the elderly, children, and the poor, people with intellectual or developmental disabilities (I/DD) are at increased risk for dental disease. In order of unmet needs, lack of access to regular dental care is third on the list, thereby increasing the chance of poor overall health.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</sup> Generally, those with I/DD have a greater incidence of malocclusion, mouth breathing, hyposalivation, poor oral hygiene, poor motor skills, take more medications, and, because they are intellectually challenged, they are more likely to not understand or remember instructions.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</sup> This results in higher incidences of decay, periodontal disease, missing teeth, poor health outcomes, and higher costs.</div>
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There is also bias against patients with I/DD due to lack of knowledge, fear, and little to no education for many professionals who work with or make decisions for this population group.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</sup> Many people with I/DD do well in a dental office. But for most, being out of their normal surroundings can be difficult for them, likely increasing the chances of stress and uncooperative behavior. In addition, many people with I/DD do not have insurance or have government insurance that is not accepted at many dental offices. This makes it difficult for the majority to receive preventive oral health care.</div>
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Dee Olsen, RDHAP, from California, loves treating this population and splits most of her time between seeing those with I/DD and elders in memory care, skilled nursing, and a small percentage who are homebound. Like Virginia and Shirley, she started her career in private dentistry and was intrigued by two colleagues who were part of the original Health Manpower Pilot Project (HMPP) in California from 1987-1990. The pilot project was started as a way to evaluate if expanding the practice of dental hygienists outside of traditional settings would increase access to care. The results demonstrated that fees were lower than in traditional dental offices and people on Medicaid were treated more often.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</sup></div>
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Dee said, "I was inspired by Charlotte Burruso, RDHAP, and Marilyn Blackmon, RDHAP, who practiced together under the project in the Southern California area."</div>
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Dee wanted to increase access to care for bedridden residents who needed care and were not getting it. This was especially apparent after seeing her former employer in a convalescent hospital where she noticed he was not receiving any oral health care.</div>
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Dee earned her RHDAP degree in 2007. In 2008, she participated in a project that was funded with a grant through LA Care. She taught staff at an intermediate care facility for the developmentally disabled about oral care, acids, decay, xylitol, bacteria, oral hygiene, and overall health. She used videos, taught them how to brush the teeth, and apply fluoride varnish.</div>
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The grant lasted for two years. By the end of the project, there was a decrease in the amount of pneumonia and the number of hospital visits. After it ended, Dee contracted with the facility and now sees clients every three months for periodontal maintenance visits. The dentist who examines these patients has noticed an overall increase in health.</div>
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Dee is also involved in another project at a Southern California Regional Center where she and two other RDHAPs provide dental hygiene services for I/DD clients. These patients also receive an annual visit from a local dentist, and this project is in its fifth year. At the subacute hospitals, many patients are on feeding tubes and ventilators. These patients are very susceptible to aspiration pneumonia because bacteria travel more easily from the upper airway to the lungs.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">6</sup>Dee provides annual hands-on training of staff at all of the facilities where she works.</div>
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She has a portable unit with suction, a piezo, a separate suction unit she can use when she does not use her portable unit, hand scalers, and, of course, all of the disposables. Dee does not use the portable unit on all of the patients. Much is dependent on their specific needs and whether the patient can tolerate the noise. At the subacute hospitals, patients with ventilators and feeding tubes have suction units available.</div>
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She said that being an RDHAP and her own boss has been one of the best decisions she has ever made. But she said it can be tough at times. There are long hours when she pounds the pavement to get patients, writes letters, sends faxes, does cold calling, schedules, and does all of the billing. She gets paid through private patient payments, Denti-Cal, some insurance, special projects, and she also provides some pro bono care. She says that it can be frustrating when the staff at the facilities do not follow through with regular oral care. This often occurs due to a high turnover rate of staff.</div>
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Being a dental hygienist who can go into untraditional settings can be enjoyable, rewarding, and help alleviate the access-to-care problem we have in the United States. There are many different ways to make this happen. For those dental hygienists who are interested, find out if your state has expanded practice laws that will allow you to go into untraditional settings. Start small and let's all see what we can do to increase our access issues. <b>RDH</b></div>
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<b>Kyle Isaacs, RDHEP, BHS,</b> lives near Corvallis, Oregon, where she works four days a week in a dental office. She also owns a company, Miles 2 Smiles LLC, and provides dental hygiene care in churches, private homes, and schools. Eventually, she hopes to provide care in nursing homes as well. She is a member of the American Dental Hygienists' Association and serves on the board of her local component. She loves to volunteer and comes from a family with many dental professionals. She has been a dental hygienist for 32 years.</div>
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References</h2>
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1. Transforming Dental Hygiene Education and the Profession for the 21st Century. American Dental Hygienists' Association. 2015.<br />2. Sanders B. 2012. Dental Crisis in America, The Need to Expand Access. A report from Chairman Bernard Sanders. Subcommittee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions. February 29, 2012.<br />3. Sun B, Chi DL. 2014. Emergency Department Visits for Nontraumatic Dental Problems in Oregon State. Oregon Health & Science University and University of Washington.<br />4. Fisher K. 2012. Is There Anything to Smile About? A Review of Oral Care for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Nursing Research and Practice. Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 860692.<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/860692" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/860692</a>.<br />5. Kushman J, Perry D, Freed J. 1996. Practice Characteristics of Dental Hygienists Operating Independently of Dentist Supervision. Journal of Dental Hygiene.</div>
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The head and neck exam: Only 25% of dental hygienists provide the service. Why?</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">April 15, 2016</span></div>
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<i><b>By Suzanne Hubbard, RDH</b></i></div>
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<b>Linda is a 56-year-old woman who is healthy and vibrant, and who works for a local contractor as a bookkeeper. She's a mother of three grown children, a grandmother to two, and her favorite pastime is cooking. Linda comes in every six months for a dental cleaning and exam. Her health history in unremarkable; her dental history is the same. She exercises every day with yoga and Pilates.</b></div>
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To anyone observing Linda, she is the picture of health. However, while I was performing a head and neck examination on Linda recently, she presented with a half-inch nodule on the right side of her thyroid. Strange, it wasn't there six months ago, I thought. I informed Linda of this new development and instructed her to see her general physician. Three weeks later I received a bittersweet phone call. "Thank you for your thorough exam. I wanted to let you know I have thyroid cancer."</div>
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This type of phone call has happened to me three times during my career. The other two calls were from a 21-year-old man with early stage oral cancer from chewing tobacco, and another from a middle-aged woman with thyroid cancer.</div>
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I am passionate about the head and neck exam being an integral part of the patient appointment because I too am a cancer survivor. But recent statistics show that only 25% of dental hygienists are performing such a service. Why?</div>
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Talking with dental hygienists about the head and neck exam, most say they don't know what they're looking for. One hygienist admitted that she doesn't know where the thyroid was, what it feels like, or what to look for. Another dental hygienist said, "That's what the dentist should do," and stated that this service is not within her scope of practice. Other objections are that offices are charging to perform this service and most insurance does not cover it, so the service is not being performed. An objection that is heard often is, "There just isn't enough time in the appointment to perform such a service."</div>
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So let's overcome the objections.</h2>
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A head and neck exam takes about four to five minutes. A perfect time to perform the exam is once a patient has been seated and his or her medical and dental history has been updated. While the patient is facing you, ask permission. "Mr. Johnson, is it okay if I perform a head and neck examination?" If given the go-ahead, explain everything that you're doing and why you're doing it. "The reason for checking today is to evaluate for head and neck cancers, any lumps or bumps that haven't gone away, to evaluate your thyroid, and to perform an oral cancer screening." I have yet to have anyone stop me, and if anything, they thank me!</div>
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It's important to note any findings and to detail those findings (description, size, color) in your documentation and also to advise the patient. When advising the patient, it's important not to scare the person but to let him or her know what you're seeing. Some hygienists are comfortable broaching the subject and some would rather their doctor do so. If you're taking the lead, it's important that the patient is given information about who to see, and make sure the patient has intraoral photos and a follow-up date (preferably two weeks) to come back and see you or the dentist for any follow-up questions, observations, etc.</div>
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The examination may feel overwhelming. Some might say, "I'm not a doctor and I'm not qualified!" But this is part of providing a service where we're doing due diligence on behalf of the patient. As a hygienist, it's okay to feel vulnerable and to question what you're looking at.</div>
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I remember one time early in my career, I noticed a strange spot on the side of a patient's tongue. When I asked the dentist to observe, he laughed. "The patient has a simple case of popcornitis!" A popcorn kernel had gotten stuck on the tongue, and the kernel appeared to look like leukoplakia. We're not always going to get it right! In those moments, you have to laugh. But again, we're looking out for our patients' best interests, for their health and well-being.</div>
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Whether insurance pays for the screening is a moot point. The head and neck exam should be done as an integral and ethical part of practicing dentistry. It should be viewed the same way as weight measurement at the doctor's office. It is a standard of care and it should be treated as such.</div>
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Training, whether through a lunch 'n' learn or a CE course, is a great way to get hands-on experience. When I started my career, my children were my best test subjects as I practiced head and neck screenings on them. For those of you who have been at a practice for a while and want to start this standard of care, you can integrate it into practice by telling patients that new implementations are taking place to ensure a better experience and health outcome. Statistically, the HPV virus, oral strain, is enough to keep us on our toes for implementing such a standard of care. Talk to your coworkers, encourage a new standard, and be a hero!</div>
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I am personally thankful for the tests I had that diagnosed my cancer early. I am grateful that insurance didn't dictate my outcome, and I am very appreciative that my doctor didn't say, "Sorry, that's not my job," or "I don't have time to check." If not for the due diligence of my care team, I can confidently say that I might not be here. <b>RDH</b></div>
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<b>Suzanne Hubbard, RDH,</b> owns a low-income clinic, Hubbard Family Dental Clinic, in Greeley, Colorado.</div>
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The steps in head and neck exam</h2>
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<b>While facing the patient, ask if they've noticed any lumps or bumps that haven't gone away.</b></div>
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<b>Extraoral exam</b></div>
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1. Check the patient's eyes.<br />2. View the nose and mouth.<br />3. In a clockwise motion of the face, visually look at all the freckles and moles.<br />4. Drop down to the thyroid and palpate the thyroid lightly with the thumb, index finger, and middle finger. Hold fingers lightly and have the patient swallow.<br />5. With both hands on either side of the neck, palpate the cervical chain of lymph nodes.<br />6. Palpate the back of the neck with both hands.<br />7. With women, ask permission to palpate along the clavicle (above and below). Many times lymph node development there is a precursor to breast cancer.<br />8. Place both hands with emphasis on the middle fingers close to the ears and have the patient open and close slowly twice.<br />9. Have the patient open and close once again while smiling to observe how teeth occlude.</div>
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<b>Intraoral exam</b></div>
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1. Place the patient in a supine position.<br />2. While facing the patient, have him or her open wide and observe all the oral tissues, gently pulling back the lips.<br />3. With a wetted, folded, two-by-two, have the patient stick out his or her tongue. Gently grab the tongue and observe, side to side.<br />4. Have the patient place the tongue to the roof of his or her mouth. With an index finger sweep the floor of the mouth gently.<br />5. Have the patient say "Awww" and observe the tonsils and back of the throat.<br />6. Have the patient tilt the head back to observe the soft and hard palate.<br />7. Check the hard tissues as they relate to soft tissues for any changes, operculum, recent extractions, fistula tracts, exudate, etc.</div>
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<i>For the most current dental headlines, click <a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/index.html?cmpid=DIQ_home_article" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">here</a>.</i></h3>
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Skipping x-rays: Dental office policy on sporadic x-rays is questioned by reader</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">April 15, 2016</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>By DIANNE GLASSCOE WATTERSON</b></div>
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<picture><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604rdh_52.jpg.scale.LARGE.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604rdh_52.jpg.scale.MEDIUM.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604rdh_52.jpg.scale.SMALL.jpg"></source><source media="(min-width: 1px)" srcset="/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604rdh_52.jpg.scale.XSMALL.jpg"></source><img alt="x-rays dental office" height="318" src="http://www.rdhmag.com/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume36/Issue4/1604rdh_52.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="450" /></picture></div>
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<b><i>Dear Dianne,</i></b></div>
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I work for a doctor who does not take full-mouth series x-rays, and only takes two bitewings every three years. Is there a website or some kind of written guideline saying how often and what kind of x-rays should be taken?</div>
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<b><i>Western RDH</i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Dear Western,</b></div>
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Unfortunately, I've been in offices like this where keeping up-to-date radiographs is not a priority. Most of the time, the problem is that the doctor is allowing his or her conservative nature to cloud professional judgment. In some situations, the doctor is so concerned about patient fees that radiographs are neglected.</div>
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It is true that some offices abuse radiographs by exposing patients according to some blanket mandate set by management; for example, everybody gets them once per year whether they need them or not. I have observed clinical staff members asking business assistants, "Can Mr. Smith have a panorex this time?" The question refers to whether or not insurance will pay for the radiograph, not necessarily if there is dental necessity. When did we turn over decision-making about the necessity of radiographs to business assistants? We should expose appropriate radiographs according to patient needs and not because of insurance benefits. Taking unnecessary radiographs is just as bad as neglecting to take needed radiographs.</div>
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Maybe the doctor you work with is unaware of the written guidelines provided by the American Dental Association posted on their website for anyone to see. A simple Google search of "dental radiography frequency" brings up this link in the first position. (http://www.ada.org/~/media/ADA/Member%20Center/FIles/Dental_Radiographic_Examinations_2012.ashx) The written guideline, titled "Dental Radiographic Examinations: Recommendations for Patient Selection and Limiting Radiation Exposure," was first published in 1987 and most recently revised in 2012. Every dental professional should be familiar with the contents of this very thorough and well-written document.</div>
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Since we know that dental diseases-caries and periodontal diseases-can progress without clinical symptoms, radiographs provide a way to intercept problems before they become extensive and painful. Attempts to identify specific criteria that will accurately predict a high probability of finding interproximal carious lesions have not been successful for individuals due to many variables. Therefore, the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs felt it was necessary to recommend time-based schedules for making radiographs intended primarily for the detection of dental caries. There are exceptions to every rule, and professional judgment should be used to determine the optimum time for radiographic examination within the suggested interval.</div>
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Many factors increase a patient's vulnerability to dental disease, and as prudent dental professionals, we are supposed to assess those factors before deciding on the necessity of radiographs. You might be interested to learn that for adult recall patients with few, if any, risk factors, posterior bitewings are recommended every 24-36 months. The ADA document lists the</div>
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many factors that we should take into account, such as level of home care, mouth-drying medications, large or deep restorations, implants, and history of periodontal disease, to name a few. The document breaks down radiographic recommendations based on these categories:</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;">New Patient Being Evaluated for Oral Diseases</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Recall Patient with Clinical Caries or Increased Risk for Caries</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Recall Patient (Edentulous Adult)</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Recall Patient with No Clinical Caries and No Increased Risk for Caries</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Recall Patient with Periodontal Disease</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Patient (New and Recall) for Monitoring Growth and Development</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Patients with Other Circumstances</li>
</ul>
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Concerning full-mouth series radiographs, dental professionals typically feel this is necessary for new patients. The only mention of FMS in the guideline is under the category of new adult or adolescent with permanent dentition: "A full-mouth intraoral radiographic exam is preferred when the patient has clinical evidence of generalized oral disease or a history of extensive dental treatment." The recommendation for children with primary or transitional dentition is "individualized radiographic exam consisting of posterior bitewings with panoramic exam or posterior bitewings and selected periapical images." It also states that for children with open contacts, radiographs may not be needed. For patients with periodontal disease or other circumstances, the operative phrase is "clinical judgment as to the need," meaning we should assess each case individually. Since we cannot see alveolar bone, we need to be diligent and timely concerning radiographs for periodontal patients.</div>
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Overall, the ADA "guidelines are intended to serve as a resource for the practitioner and are not intended as standards of care, requirements, or regulations." Dental professionals "must weigh the benefits of taking dental radiographs against the risk of exposing a patient to x-rays, the effects of which accumulate from multiple sources over time."</div>
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We also must understand that neglecting to take timely radiographs when dental necessity is evident greatly increases the dentist's liability risk. If a patient decides to file a lawsuit or a board complaint against a dentist and there are no up-to-date or appropriate radiographs, the doctor looks negligent. Some will argue that lacking current radiographs is one aspect of supervised neglect. Without radiographs, small interproximal caries can go undetected and grow into large carious lesions that can involve the pulp. Radiographs enable diagnoses, and the lack of radiographs impedes the doctor's ability to diagnose. In a lawsuit or board complaint, the patient chart-including any and all radiographs-becomes part of the evidence that will either support a negligence/malpractice claim or exonerate the dentist.</div>
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Most of the inquiries I receive from hygienists involve patients who refuse to allow radiographs to be taken. My position is this: the patient's refusal of needed radiographs impedes the doctor's ability to diagnose. Dentists and dental hygienists are held to high standards by courts and dental boards, and a "failure to diagnose" case can result from a patient's refusal of needed radiographs. Without x-rays, how can something be diagnosed that cannot be visualized directly? Therefore, when a patient refuses needed radiographs, the safest course of action is to dismiss the patient from the practice. To continue to treat without radiographs is risky and considered by many as practicing below the standard of care.</div>
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Whether the situation is an office with deficient radiographic standards or patients who refuse needed radiographs, one principle does not change: patients have more rights than responsibilities, and clinicians have more responsibilities than rights. From a legal standpoint, the playing field is not level between us and our patients. Patients certainly have a right to refuse our recommendations, but doctors also have the right to refuse treatment under circumstances where the patient's refusal of a key diagnostic tool such as radiographs impedes clear and accurate diagnosis.</div>
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I appreciate a conservative approach in dentistry, but it is important to ensure that the standards of care are being met. My recommendation for you is to print off the ADA document that I have referenced. If you approach the doctor with clear guidelines and explain that you want to make sure that his patients are receiving care that meets current standards with regard to x-rays, it is likely he will respond favorably. I'd say he's lucky to have you! RDH</div>
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All the best,</div>
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<b><i>DIANNE</i></b></div>
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<b>DIANNE GLASSCOE WATTERSON, RDH, BS, MBA,</b> is an awards winning speaker, author, and consultant. She has published hundreds of articles, numerous textbook chapters, an instructional video on instrument sharpening, and two books. For information about upcoming speaking engagements or products, visit her website at<a href="http://www.wattersonspeaks.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">www.wattersonspeaks.com</a>. Dianne may be contacted at (336)472-3515 or by email <a href="mailto:diannemba@gmail.com" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">diannemba@gmail.com</a>.</div>
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<i>For the most current dental headlines, click <a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/index.html?cmpid=DIQ_home_article" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">here</a>.</i></h3>
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Searching for OC: Oral cancer technology helps dental patients stay ahead of a very grim diagnosis</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">April 15, 2016</span></div>
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<i><b>By Trish Jones, RDH, BS</b></i></div>
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As dental professionals, we sometimes take for granted what we see or what patients go through until it hits close to home, meaning one of us is the target of the nuisance. More on that in a bit.</div>
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While attending the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry Annual Session in Florida in 2013, I had the opportunity to hear Eva Grayzel speak. She's a nationally known storyteller and oral cancer survivor. When her oral cancer was diagnosed, she was given only a 15% chance of survival. She told her heart-wrenching story of diagnosis in 1998-an ulcer on her tongue that had become quite large and painful-when she was just 33 years old. She described how her tongue was partially reconstructed, and how she had a modified radical neck dissection and radiation therapy.</div>
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She reduced the roomful of dentists, assistants, hygienists, and guests to tears; then they were on their feet and applauding her second chance at life. She is remarkable. Her talk left quite an impact on me, and I'm sure on many others, about the importance of performing oral cancer exams on every dental patient.</div>
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According to the National Institutes of Health, oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. The disease is diagnosed in over 45,000 Americans per year, and over 8,000 of those patients die each year, a death every hour of every single day.</div>
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The 411 on oral cancer</h2>
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Detecting oral cancer early can increase the survival rate to 80% to 90%. Right now the five-year survival rate of those diagnosed is approximately 65% according to the American Dental Association. Detection is crucial because even the smallest asymptomatic lesions could have significant malignant potential. In 2013, among the 42,000 people diagnosed with oral cancer in the U.S., 18,000 will not be alive in five years. Oral cancer's incidence rate has increased the last five years in a row.</div>
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Oral cancer involving the tongue accounts for approximately 20% to 25% of cases diagnosed. Cancer involving the floor of the mouth is 15%, the lips 10% to 15%, and the minor salivary glands 10% to 15%. Squamous cell carcinomas tend to spread quickly.</div>
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The tissue that lines the oral cavity is composed of squamous epithelium. Cancer that arises from these tissues can metastasize to lymph nodes and other sites. If cancer is detected late, the probability of metastasis is much greater. The earlier a cancerous lesion is detected, the less chance it has to spread.</div>
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Cancer stages determine how much of the lesion has invaded the oral cavity, and the severity and prognosis. The American Joint Committee on Cancer developed a system to stage cancer. It is called the TNM system and is based on tumor size and invasion level, the involvement of lymph nodes, and metastasis of the cancer.</div>
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Oral cancer may not be prominent in the media but it should be. We commonly hear about cervical cancer, testicular cancer, and skin cancer, although oral cancer affects more people than those types. Since oral cancer is diagnosed routinely in later stages, prognosis is grim. Patients may not notice because they feel no pain and may not recognize symptoms to be abnormal. As dental professionals, we should make our patients aware of the facts of this growing cancer.</div>
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Risk factors</h2>
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The obvious and most recognized risk factor for oral cancer is tobacco use. Tobacco use includes cigarettes, pipe smoking, and chewing. Another risk factor is alcohol consumption, which is a contributing risk factor for a particular type of esophageal cancer called esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, people who inherit a deficiency in an enzyme that metabolizes alcohol have been found to have substantially increased risks of alcohol-related esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors increase tremendously when both alcohol and tobacco use are combined. Oral cancer is twice as common in men than women, which is usually attributed to smoking and alcohol use.</div>
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A more recent critical risk factor for oral cancer is human papillomavirus, which has over 170 strains. The FDA estimates that 70% of HPV-16 or -18 is associated with cervical cancer. It is spread through sexual contact and accounts for 25% of the cancers of the mouth and oropharynx (upper throat). HPV is linked to the increase in oral cancer in nonsmokers. Young people are exposed to this as they become sexually active. Oral cancer due to HPV has increased 225% in the past three decades. Another risk factor is age. Those over 40 are at a higher risk for oral cancer, although the younger generation is now at a growing risk due to HPV. No one is safe.</div>
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Universal guidelines</h2>
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Surprisingly, there are no mandatory universal guidelines for oral cancer screening programs in dental offices. It's up to each office to decide whether or not oral cancer screenings are performed and how they're done, whether manual exams for abnormalities, or other modalities such as cancer-screening devices or salivary tests. These screening techniques detect abnormalities in tissue that indicate whether further testing, such as a biopsy, is required for a definitive diagnosis.</div>
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It is often the office's discretion to charge for such exams. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), screenings should be performed on all patients over the age of 17. Why? Human papillomavirus (HPV) is easily spread and is the fastest growing risk factor for oral cancer.</div>
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The hygiene appointment</h2>
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The dental hygiene appointment is often the best opportunity to perform an oral cancer screening exam. RDHs have been trained and educated to assess any tissue abnormalities in the head and neck region. Any suspicious areas should be brought to the dentist's attention for discussion and evaluation.</div>
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It can't be said enough-oral cancer kills one American every hour. Think of it this way: For each patient you see for an hour, another person will have passed away from oral cancer. An oral cancer screening should be a routine part of every dental exam.</div>
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There are different kinds of screenings, such as a hands-on conventional exam that includes a visual examination of the soft tissues of the mouth, a tongue exam that involves extending the tongue to the base, and manual palpation of the cheeks, lips, gums, and borders of the tongue. The lymph nodes in the head and neck should be palpated as they can be key in identifying the first signs of oral cancer.</div>
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As we now realize that many lesions are not visible to the naked eye, diagnostic aids such as oral cancer detection devices are becoming an adjunct tool for the dental professional. Light-based systems utilize tissue reflectance and fluorescence to enhance the oral screening exam. The medical applications of fluorescence technology include diagnosis of the GI tract, cervix, lung, skin, and oral mucosa. Fluorescence visualization devices are particularly sensitive to dysplasia and cancer, and can also be sensitive to vascular normal tissues. Dental professionals should be familiar with the normal appearance and patterns of oral cavity fluorescence in order for abnormal patterns to be easily detectable.</div>
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What is a suspicious lesion?</h2>
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What are you looking for? As a dental professional, you are looking for any abnormal lesions such as leukoplakia or erythroplakia. Symptoms patients may bring to your attention include a sore that doesn't heal, red or white patches, or pain or tenderness in the mouth or lips. Patients may also complain of issues with their tongue regarding chewing, speaking, or moving the jaw. They may have pain or swelling in the TMJ area, or difficulty with occluding teeth together. Patients may indicate bad breath or abnormal taste, or experience numbness or unusual bleeding.</div>
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Fluorescence devices</h2>
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Devices fall into two categories. One uses light and dyes to assess the oral cavity; while the other uses only fluorescent light to detect abnormalities.</div>
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<b>ViziLite Plus-</b>This system uses Zila tolonium chloride and incandescent light as a marker for abnormal and suspicious lesions. It relies on disposable technology to eliminate cross contamination. The patient rinses with a dilute acetic acid solution, waits five minutes, and in a dimmed operatory the dental clinician then uses the ViziLite Plus to identify any suspicious areas.</div>
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<b>Microlux/DL-</b>This consists of a simple rinse for the mouth. A chemiluminescent light is then used to reveal any abnormal tissue before it is visible to the naked eye. Microlux/DL is similar to early detection procedures for other cancers, such as mammography and Pap smear. It is suggested that the Microlux/DL exam be performed annually.</div>
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<b>VELscope Vx-</b>VELscope Vx uses tissue fluorescence rather than reflectance. It is a handheld device that enhances visualization of mucosal abnormalities such as oral cancer and premalignant dysplasia. This system does not require any dyes. VELscope Vx exams are done during routine hygiene visits under normal lighting conditions. Photo documentation is easy to integrate and share with patients or other dental specialists.</div>
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<b>OralID-</b>This system uses fluorescence technology in the form of a blue light that allows the clinician to identify oral cancer, precancer, and other abnormal lesions at an early stage. The battery-operated, handheld oral exam light emits a visible blue light (435 nm to 460 nm) that can be shined directly into the oral cavity. Protective eyewear that enhances the visual effects of the blue light during the oral exam is included. When the blue light shines on healthy oral tissue, it fluoresces green. When it shines on abnormal tissue, it appears dark due to a lack of fluorescence.</div>
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OralID is an affordable choice with product training for the team included. OralID should be implemented properly and efficiently so it's used on every patient. OralID also has a cytology kit (brush biopsy)available for use after any suspicious areas are found. It is a brush biopsy.</div>
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<b>Brush tests/brush biopsy-</b>The OralCDx BrushTest is an in-office test that helps determine if white or red spots are harmless. This system consists of a specially designed brush that is used to painlessly obtain a sample of the lesion in question. The superficial, intermediate, and basal layers of the epithelium are sampled, and no anesthesia is required. The sample is sent to a special laboratory to be analyzed. It has been reported that this type of testing is highly accurate.</div>
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<b>Salivary tests-</b>SaliMark OSCC Salivary Diagnostic Test is indicated for use when visual exams or fluorescent device exams detect a suspicious lesion or an abnormality in the tissue. The painless test is the first commercial saliva test for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. This system uses molecules or biomarkers in saliva that reflect cancer activity, and the combination of these marker levels provide the most accurate information available on the probability of cancer.</div>
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Which one to use?</h2>
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Which system is right for your office? The one that you're going to use! If you're unsure which one to incorporate, contact the companies and request information or a demo. This article only mentions these products as examples.</div>
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Oral cancer detection devices are simply tools for screening and are not designed to diagnose oral cancer. They can result in false negatives if not used appropriately. The ideal screening is a conventional visual-oral tactile exam combined with an adjunct screening device.</div>
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If any abnormality is discovered, a biopsy will usually be indicated. A small sample of the tissue will be cut out or may be aspirated by a fine needle. This may require the patient being referred to a specialist if the area is deep in the throat or mouth. Once a pathologist examines the tissue, results will indicate if it is cancerous and what kind of cancer it is.</div>
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Treatment of cancerous lesions usually involves surgery, but this depends on the stage and location of the cancer. Surgery may be followed by radiation or radiation combined with chemotherapy. In advanced cases, treatment is not always successful as up to 70% of the cases relapse and can result in death.</div>
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Reality check</h2>
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So this is where the reality check came into play for me. At my regular dental office, the hygienist used the VELscope as a routine oral cancer exam a few months ago. It found a suspicious lesion on the left side of my soft palate. I have basically ignored it ... until now. I'm not in pain and it doesn't bother me. Do I sound like a typical patient? Why do we think something has to be painful before we do something about it? I recently had access to the OralID device, and again, it confirmed this spot on the back of my throat.</div>
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Am I scared now? Yes. The OralID comes with a yellow adapter for a smartphone so a photo can be taken with it. It provides a constant visual for me. Yes, I have an appointment to have a biopsy because I have too much life left to live.<b>RDH</b></div>
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Charge for oral cancer screenings?</h2>
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To charge or not to charge for oral cancer screenings? It's up to the discretion of each dentist. But if you're providing a service that may save someone's life, it might be feasible to charge for life-saving services. There are several insurance codes that can be used.</div>
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CDT D0480 is for "adjunctive prediagnostic test that aids in detection of mucosal abnormalities, including premalignant and malignant lesions, not to include cytology or biopsy procedures." Other codes are indicated for hard and soft tissue biopsies.</div>
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TMN oral cancer stages</h2>
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<b>Stage I</b></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;">Lesion is less than 2 cm</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">No lymph nodes involved</li>
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<b>Stage II</b></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;">Lesion is between 2 to 4 cm</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">No lymph nodes involved</li>
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<b>Stage III</b></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;">Lesion is 4 cms or more/no lymph nodes involved</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Lesion is any size and one lymph node involved on same side</li>
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<b>Stage IV</b></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;">Lesion has metastasized to surrounding tissues and lymph nodes may be involved</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Lesion has metastasized to more lymph nodes to either one or both sides of the neck</li>
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<b>Recurrent</b></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;">Reoccurrence of cancer after treatment</li>
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<b>Trish Jones, RDH, BS,</b> is an international speaker and author with experience in esthetic dentistry, dental sales, and working in a dental laboratory. She is a past chair for the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry Charitable Foundation Give Back a Smile. She can be reached via email at <a href="mailto:gotrishjones@gmail.com" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">gotrishjones@gmail.com</a></div>
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References</h2>
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1. ADA, CDT 2014: Dental Procedure Codes, 2013<br />2. Bouquot et al. Oral precancer and early cancer detection in the dental office - Review of new technologies. The Journal of Implant & Advanced Clinical Dentistry (2010) 2:3.<br />3. D'Souza G, Kreimer AR, Viscidi R, Pawlita M, Fakhry C, Koch WM, Westra WH, Gillison ML (2007). Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (19): 1944-56.<br />4. Epstein et al. The limitations of the clinical oral examination in detecting dysplastic oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. JADA, 2012; 143(12):1332-1342.<br />5. Huff KD et al. Sensitivity of direct tissue fluorescence visualization in screening for oral premalignant lesions in general practice. Gen Dent. 2009 Jan-Feb; 57(1):34-8.<br />6. Martin JL, Gottehrer N, Zalesin H, Hoff PT, Shaw M, Clarkson JHW, Haan P, Vartanian M, McLeod T, Swanick SM. Evaluation of salivary transcriptome markers for the early detection of oral squamous cell cancer in a prospective blinded trial. Compendium. May 20</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-16823819950872513262016-03-08T05:31:00.001-08:002016-03-08T05:31:47.193-08:00<div id="leftColWrapper" style="border: 0px; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 10px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
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<img alt="education degree mill" src="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/02/richardsonphotoinside22616.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
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<b>by Amanda M. Richardson, BSDH, RDH</b></div>
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Online learning and distance education have become a norm in today's society, but not all online degrees are created equal. A diploma mill, also known as a degree mill, is "an institution of higher education operating without supervision of a state or professional agency and granting diplomas which are either fraudulent, or because of the lack of proper standards, worthless" (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). In some states, it is illegal to use diploma mill degrees to obtain employment, get a raise, get a promotion, advertise a business, apply for a license or certification, or gain admittance to an educational program. Click <a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.wnem.com/story/27838384/smith-county-deputy-resigns-surrenders-license" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">here</a> for a cautionary story regarding the use of illegal degrees in law enforcement.</div>
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Diploma mills are enticing for online students because they typically offer a fast degree heavily weighted in life experience. They often have impressive websites, offer degrees at a fraction of the cost, and may even claim accreditation.</div>
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<i>So, how can we spot a diploma mill?</i></div>
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<b>1. The university's accrediting agency is not recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.</b></div>
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Diploma mills may claim to be accredited, but their accreditation is from an illegitimate accreditation mill. These accreditation mills often sound impressive and may claim to be "worldwide" or "international."</div>
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Click <a adhocenable="false" href="http://ope.ed.gov/accreditation/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">here</a> to search for accredited institutions recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.</div>
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<b>2. The school does not have a (.edu) web domain.</b></div>
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Since 2001, new .edu web domains are controlled by Educause and applicants must meet strict standards to obtain an edu. "Only U.S. post-secondary institutions that are institutionally accredited by an agency on the U.S. Department of Education's list of Nationally Recognized Accrediting Agencies may obtain an Internet name in the .edu domain" (Educause, 2015). Degree mills often have a .com, .net, or .org domain. Schools developed prior to 2001 may still have a .edu domain.</div>
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<b>3. They do not have a physical address or location listed on their website.</b></div>
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Diploma mills will often leave out important identifying information on their website. Many of these universities operate out of a residence or office suite and do not disclose their physical address and/or mailing address to the public.</div>
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<b>4. Students do not have to complete core curriculum and/or are able obtain their degree largely based on life experience or work history.</b></div>
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Degree mills entice potential students with an "unrealistic emphasis on offering college credits for lifetime or real world experience" (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). While some universities may offer limited credits (usually less than 10%) based on work/life experience, degree mills offer their degree heavily weighted in life/work experience and do not require the student to complete core curriculum to earn a degree.</div>
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<i>Amanda M. Richardson, RDH, BSDH, has been a dental hygienist for almost 12 years and has a wide range of clinical experience including pedodontics, periodontics, and general dentistry. Amanda currently works as a professor and second year clinical coordinator at Tyler Junior College in Tyler, Texas. She is a member of the American Dental Hygienists’ Association, Texas Dental Hygienists’ Association, East Texas Dental Hygienists’ Society, American Dental Educators Association, and the Texas Dental Hygiene Educator’s Association.</i></div>
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<b>References</b></div>
<ol>
<li style="text-align: left;">Educause. (2016). Policy Information. Retrieved from <a href="http://net.educause.edu/edudomain/policy.asp" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">http://net.educause.edu/edudomain/policy.asp</a></li>
<li style="text-align: left;">KLTV. (2015, March 4). Smith County deputy resigns, surrenders license - WNEM TV 5. Retrieved from http://www.wnem.com/story/27838384/smith-county-deputy-resigns-surrenders-license</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">U.S. Department of Education. (2009, December 23). Diploma Mills and Accreditation - Diploma Mills.</li>
</ol>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/03/pearls-enhanced-joshua-austin-dds-fagd-demos-the-daylite-wireless-led-headlight-video.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">"Pearls" Enhanced: Joshua Austin, DDS, FAGD, demos the DayLite WireLess LED headlight (VIDEO)</a></h2>
<div class="synopsis" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 702.891px;">
<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">03/07/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Joshua Austin, DDS, FAGD, discusses the DayLite WireLess LED headlight from Designs for Vision.</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/03/message-in-a-bottle-mailbag-weave-software-2016-presidential-primaries.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Message in a Bottle Mailbag: Weave software, 2016 presidential primaries</a></h2>
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<span class="author-name" style="border: 0px; color: #777777; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Joshua Austin, DDS, FAGD </span><span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">03/07/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Joshua Austin, DDS, FAGD, shares an update on his experiences with Weave software and offers his take on the 2016 presidential primaries.</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/apex360/print/volume-3/issue-2/marketing-focus/what-women-want-inside-the-mind-of-your-customer.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">'What women want': Inside the mind of your customer</a></h2>
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<span class="author-name" style="border: 0px; color: #777777; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Rachel Mele </span><span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">03/07/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
One of my favorite movies of all time is <i>What Women Want</i>.</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/03/op-ed-dentists-we-ve-done-this-to-ourselves-and-we-can-change-things.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Op/Ed: Dentists, we’ve done this to ourselves, and we can change things</a></h2>
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<span class="author-name" style="border: 0px; color: #777777; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Tyler Williams, DDS </span><span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">03/07/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
This dentist shares his opinion regarding dental insurance. If his peers have checked the box that they've accepted certain insurance coverage, yet do not feel they're being reimbursed sufficiently, they've brought on the problem themselves. It's time to take action.</div>
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DENTAL PHOTO OF THE DAY</h1>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/slideshows/photo-of-the-day/2016/03.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Product Review: EtchMaster by Groman Dental</a></h2>
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STAY CONNECTED</h1>
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EDITOR'S PICKS</h1>
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<h2 style="border: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/03/op-ed-dentists-we-ve-done-this-to-ourselves-and-we-can-change-things.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Op/Ed: Dentists, we’ve done this to ourselves, and we can change things</a></h2>
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<h2 style="border: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/03/tackling-the-clinical-challenges-of-dentistry-head-on.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Tackling the clinical challenges of dentistry head-on</a></h2>
<div class="synopsis" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 288.078px;">
<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">03/01/2016</span></div>
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Thursday Troubleshooter: Whoops! This RDH let her license expire. What can she do?</h1>
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<b>QUESTION:</b> Like an idiot, I let my hygiene license expire a few years ago. I was going through a lot personally professionally and with my family, and I made the bad decision of not keeping my license current. It's probably been five years since my license was current. Is there any way to get it back without going through school or boards again? Any help would be appreciated. I'm from Pennsylvania.</div>
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<img alt="dental hygiene license" height="266" src="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2016/02/license.jpg" style="border: 0px; float: right; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="251" /><b>ANSWER FROM MARIA PERNO GOLDIE, RDH, MS</b>, editor, <a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/newsletter.html" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">RDH eVillage Focus:</a><br />Anyone who has let their professional license expire needs to look up the Practice Act for their state. In this case, here is the answer for Pennsylvania.<b><br /><br />106. Reactivation of licenses and certificates.</b><br />(a) Dentists and dental hygienists who have failed to renew their licenses and expanded function dental assistants who have failed to renew their certificates may apply for reactivation on forms prescribed by the Board. The applicant for reactivation shall pay the current biennial renewal fee, provide evidence of current certification in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and shall submit a notarized affidavit identifying the period of time in which the applicant did not practice in this Commonwealth. Effective with the 1999-2001 renewal period, licensees and certificate holders shall also complete the continuing education requirements for the renewal periods during which the license or certificate was not renewed.</div>
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(b) In addition to the requirements in subsection (a), an applicant for reactivation who has failed to renew for more than five years may be subject to reexamination under section 3.1(b) of the act (63 P. S. § 122.1.(b)).</div>
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(c) An applicant for reactivation who practiced in this Commonwealth without a current license or certificate shall pay a later renewal fee of $5 for each month or part of a month during which the unauthorized practice occurred, as provided in section 225 of the Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs Fee Act (63 P. S. § 1401-225). In addition, the applicant shall pay the biennial renewal fee for each biennium during which unauthorized practice occurred. The payment of late fees and biennial renewal fees does not preclude the Board from taking disciplinary action against a dentist or dental hygienist who practice without a current license or an expanded function dental assistant who practices without a current certificate.(1)</div>
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1. <a href="http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/049/chapter33/subchapBtoc.html" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/049/chapter33/subchapBtoc.html</a></div>
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<b>RECENT THURSDAY TROUBLESHOOTERS:</b><br /><a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/articles/2016/02/thursday-troubleshooter-primary-and-secondary-dental-insurance-woes.html" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Primary and secondary dental insurance woes</a><br /><a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/articles/2016/02/thursday-troubleshooter-stop-the-gossip-but-things-are-complicated-in-this-dental-practice.html" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Stop the gossip! But things are complicated in this dental practice</a><br /><a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/articles/2016/01/thursday-troubleshooter-how-much-control-do-dental-pros-really-have-over-coding.html" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">How much control do dental pros really have over coding?</a><br /><i><br />Do YOU have a tough issue in your dental office that you would like addressed?
<br /><br />Send your questions for the experts to answer. Responses will come from various consultants, many of whom are associated with Speaking Consulting Network, Academy of Dental Management Consultants, Dental Consultant Connection, and other expert dental support organizations. Their members will take turns fielding your questions on DentistryIQ, because they are very familiar with addressing the tough issues. Hey, it's their job.
<br /><br />Send your questions to <a adhocenable="false" href="mailto:megk@pennwell.com" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">megk@pennwell.com</a>. All inquiries will be answered anonymously every Thursday here on DIQ.</i></div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/02/directors-message-i-got-a-5-dollar-an-hour-raise.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Director's Message: 'I got a $5 an hour pay raise!'</a></h2>
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<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">02/22/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
The quote in the headline was a post in a popular Facebook group for dental hygienists. Naturally, it received a lot of “likes” and comments. I am sharing this because one of the comments asked the hygienist who received the raise, <i>“Why?”</i> Why did she receive a five-dollar-an-hour pay raise?</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/02/spry-oral-probiotics-defender-against-destructive-periodontal-pathogens.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Spry oral probiotics: Defender against destructive periodontal pathogens</a></h2>
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<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">02/17/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Amber Auger's blog comments on how probiotics can help improve overall periodontal health.</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/02/crosslink-radio-podcast-celebrates-world-orofacial-myofunctional-science-dau.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">CrossLink Radio podcast celebrates World Orofacial Myofunctional Science Day</a></h2>
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<span class="author-name" style="border: 0px; color: #777777; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/authors/diq-editors.html" style="border: 0px; color: #0098ff; display: inline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">DentistryIQ Editors</a> </span><span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">02/16/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Shirley Gutkowski, the popular Cross Link Radio host, announces a special two-hour podcast on Feb. 17 dedicated to the celebration of World Orofacial Myofunctional Science Day. The two-hour special will highlight therapy leaders in orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) lactation, speech-language pathology, feeding therapy, dentists, and others.</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/02/forward-science-launches-prescription-rinse-for-xerostomia-and-mucositis.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Forward Science launches prescription rinse for xerostomia and mucositis</a></h2>
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<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">02/16/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Forward Science announced that its product for the treatment of xerostomia and mucositis, SalivaMax, is commercially available in February 2016.</div>
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DENTAL PHOTO OF THE DAY</h1>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/slideshows/photo-of-the-day/2016/03.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Product Review: EtchMaster by Groman Dental</a></h2>
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STAY CONNECTED</h1>
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EDITOR'S PICKS</h1>
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<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">03/01/2016</span></div>
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<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">03/01/2016</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/02/product-review-etchmaster-by-groman-dental.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Product Review: EtchMaster by Groman Dental</a></h2>
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TOPIC INDEX</h1>
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Full-time dental hygiene: Ranking U.S. cities for RDHs who want to work full time</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">February 4, 2016</span></div>
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What U.S. cities offer the best chance for you to work as a full-time dental hygienist?</div>
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In salary surveys, dental hygienists often point to oversaturation of the job market—or employers offering part-time jobs as a means to avoid job benefits—as obstacles to overcome when searching for an ideal dental hygiene employment situation that may include full-time hours.</div>
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In the fall months of 2015, <i>RDH eVillage</i> conducted a <a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/articles/2015/11/rdh-evillage-salary-survey-part-4-those-other-compensation-plans-plus-all-50-states-in-a-row.html" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">salary survey</a>. In addition to general salary information, some questions pertained to employment criteria such as the number of hours worked on a weekly basis.</div>
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The rankings below indicate the percentage of salary participants who worked full-time as dental hygienists in 2015. Since there are a number of reasons why a dental hygienist would participate in a general salary survey, we include the actual statistics that the percentages are based on. It is up to the readers’ perceptions on whether their city’s ranking makes sense or not.</div>
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But we ask that you please review the statistics presented after the rankings. We make an attempt to convey a sense of whether part-time dental hygienists are feeling underemployed in their careers.</div>
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<b>Cities with highest percentages of full-time dental hygienists</b></div>
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1. <b>San Antonio</b> 71.43% (15 of 21 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />2. <b>Austin</b> 70.37% (19 of 27 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />3. <b>Denver</b> 68.85% (42 of 61 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />4. <b>Indianapolis</b> 68.18% (15 of 22 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />5. <b>Houston</b> 68.00% (17 of 25 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />6. <b>Seattle</b> 65.91% (29 of 44 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />7. <b>Minneapolis</b> 57.58% (19 of 33 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />8. <b>Dallas-Fort Worth</b> 56.25% (27 of 48 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />9. <b>Tampa-St. Petersburg</b> 54.55% (12 of 22 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />10. <b>Cleveland</b> 54.29% (19 of 35 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />11. <b>Charlotte</b> 54.17% (13 of 24 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />12. <b>Kansas City</b> 51.85% (14 of 27 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />13. <b>Washington, D.C.</b> 51.43% (18 of 35 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />14. (tie) <b>New York City</b> 50.00% (40 of 80 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />14. (tie) <b>Phoenix</b> 50.00% (24 of 48 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />14. (tie) <b>St. Louis</b> 50.00% (15 of 30 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />17. <b>Boston</b> 48.15% (26 of 54 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />18. <b>San Diego</b> 50.00% (17 of 34 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />19. <b>Milwaukee</b> 48.15% (13 of 27 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />20. <b>Baltimore</b> 47.62% (10 of 21 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />21. <b>Atlanta</b> 46.15% (18 of 39 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />22. <b>Philadelphia</b> 44.90% (22 of 49 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />23. <b>Chicago</b> 44.83% (39 of 87 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />24. <b>Detroit</b> 44.59% (33 of 74 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />25. <b>San Francisco-Oakland</b> 43.10% (25 of 58 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />26. <b>Salt Lake City</b> 40.00% (8 of 20 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />27. <b>Los Angeles</b> 39.06% (25 of 64 dental hygienists work full-time)<br />28. <b>Sacramento</b> 38.46% (10 of 26 dental hygienists work full-time)</div>
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The survey did ask the hygienists if their weekly schedules are “at least close to what they prefer.” Here is an alphabetical listing of the above cities that reveals the percentage of hygienists satisfied with their current work schedules. The number in parenthesis indicates the percentage of hygienists who feel they are underemployed in their occupation.</div>
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<b>Percentage satisfied with work schedules</b></div>
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<b>Atlanta</b> 69.23% (20.51%)<br /><b>Austin</b> 88.89% (3.70%)<br /><b>Baltimore</b> 85.71% (14.29%)<br /><b>Boston</b> 83.64% (12.73%)<br /><b>Charlotte</b> 91.67% (4.17%)<br /><b>Chicago</b> 75.86% (18.39%)<br /><b>Cleveland</b> 74.29% (14.29%)<br /><b>Dallas-Fort Worth</b> 85.11% (14.89%)<br /><b>Denver</b> 85.25% (4.92%)<br /><b>Detroit</b> 79.73% (13.51%)<br /><b>Houston</b> 96.00% (0.00%)<br /><b>Indianapolis</b> 90.91% (4.55%)<br /><b>Kansas City</b> 81.48% (11.11%)<br /><b>Los Angeles</b> 81.25% (12.50%)<br /><b>Milwaukee</b> 77.78% (14.81%)<br /><b>Minneapolis</b> 75.00% (15.63%)<br /><b>New York City</b> 79.01% (14.81%)<br /><b>Philadelphia</b> 71.43% (24.49%)<br /><b>Phoenix</b> 68.75% (22.92%)<br /><b>Sacramento</b> 88.46% (7.69%)<br /><b>St. Louis</b> 80.00% (10.00%)<br /><b>Salt Lake City</b> 95.00% (5.00%)<br /><b>San Antonio</b> 100.00% (0.00%)<br /><b>San Diego</b> 94.12% (5.88%)<br /><b>San Francisco-Oakland</b> 79.31% (15.52%)<br /><b>Seattle</b> 88.89% (6.67%)<br /><b>Tampa-St. Petersburg</b> 72.73% (22.73%)<br /><b>Washington, D.C.</b> 74.29% (20.00%)</div>
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In all but one case above (Atlanta), at least three-quarters of dental hygienists are content with the number of hours they practice weekly, regardless of whether they do so on a part-time or full-time basis.</div>
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Dental hygienists in 18 cities, though, reached double digits in feeling they were underemployed. Please note the highest levels of discontent with hours worked are in Atlanta, Chicago, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Tampa, and Washington, D.C.</div>
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Previous reports of the <i>RDH eVillage</i> salary survey tended to focus on areas of concern that dental hygienists have about the labor market in their area. For this article, the comments below were selected from the cities with the lowest levels of discontent.</div>
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<b>Austin, Texas</b><br />“It took me a year to find employment after graduation but my classmates were able to find employment much sooner.” … “I have been very fortunate to be a long-time employee for a pediatric practice. I have learned that many pediatric offices no longer employ an RDH.”</div>
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<b>Charlotte, North Carolina</b><br />“Many new dental offices opening in my area, and also there are many dental offices where the assistants do polish and the DDS does a little scaling is the new mode.” … “I work in two different offices to get full-time hours.” … “I have been a hygienist for over 20 years. I was full time before my children were born. Being a hygienist has great flexibility.”</div>
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<b>Denver, Colorado</b><br />“When I discuss them with fellow hygienists, I learn that salaries in general are stagnant in our area. I am very lucky and blessed to work for a dentist that is doing $80k salary plus potential for monthly bonus, six weeks paid time off, and if I get sick or something I can make up the hours.” … “I found it very difficult to find a permanent job. Too many applicants. Applied for many jobs on Craigslist, had lots of interviews, but no job offers. Got my current job with a dentist (female) close to my age and after temping there several times. She paid a high fee for me to be her hygienist. Worked out perfectly because it is two miles from my home.” … “I work at two jobs six days a week to support my family. One is corporate, the other private practice. They are very different, but I take what I can get.” … “Corporate dentistry is taking over the market which appears to be lowering salaries.” … “The pay scale for hygienist has not gone up with inflation but rather has gone down due to mass production of graduating hygienists. Dentists require more during a regular prophy than ever but the pay has definitely not changed.”</div>
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<b>Houston, Texas</b><br />“Lots of job postings for Houston, but I live in the suburbs and it’s extremely hard to find a family practice that is hiring. It seems to be all corporate dental offices looking.” … “I have several friends who cannot find full-time employment and they temp on the days that they have open. I am especially appalled that there is a for-profit hygiene school that is 15 months long with no prerequisites whose graduates are able to pass the National Board as well as their state board.”</div>
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<b>Indianapolis, Indiana</b><br />“Central Indiana seems to have more hygiene opportunities and better pay versus the northern and southern parts of the state.” … “New graduates are taking jobs for much less hourly pay, leaving the seasoned hygienists struggling to find work and be compensated for their experience and knowledge.” … “The job market in Indianapolis is grim, to say the least.”</div>
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<b>San Antonio, Texas</b><br />“With two hygiene schools in San Antonio, it’s getting harder to find dental hygiene jobs. I have seen pay and benefits decline. Dentists are not offering as many benefits and pay raises are hard to come by.” … “Dentistry is changing from the private family style to large corporate businesses that do not have the same ethics as dentistry used to have. Finding it harder to find a good honest office now.”</div>
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<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">02/22/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
The quote in the headline was a post in a popular Facebook group for dental hygienists. Naturally, it received a lot of “likes” and comments. I am sharing this because one of the comments asked the hygienist who received the raise, <i>“Why?”</i> Why did she receive a five-dollar-an-hour pay raise?</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/02/thursday-troubleshooter-whoops-this-rdh-let-her-license-expire.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Thursday Troubleshooter: Whoops! This RDH let her license expire. What can she do?</a></h2>
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<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">02/18/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
This RDH regrets letting her dental hygiene license lapse, and she's wondering if there is any shortcut to getting it renewed?</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/02/spry-oral-probiotics-defender-against-destructive-periodontal-pathogens.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Spry oral probiotics: Defender against destructive periodontal pathogens</a></h2>
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<span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">02/17/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Amber Auger's blog comments on how probiotics can help improve overall periodontal health.</div>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2016/02/crosslink-radio-podcast-celebrates-world-orofacial-myofunctional-science-dau.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">CrossLink Radio podcast celebrates World Orofacial Myofunctional Science Day</a></h2>
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<span class="author-name" style="border: 0px; color: #777777; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/authors/diq-editors.html" style="border: 0px; color: #0098ff; display: inline; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">DentistryIQ Editors</a> </span><span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">02/16/2016</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Shirley Gutkowski, the popular Cross Link Radio host, announces a special two-hour podcast on Feb. 17 dedicated to the celebration of World Orofacial Myofunctional Science Day. The two-hour special will highlight therapy leaders in orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) lactation, speech-language pathology, feeding therapy, dentists, and others.</div>
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DENTAL PHOTO OF THE DAY</h1>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/slideshows/photo-of-the-day/2016/february.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">The best way to connect a crown to an implant</a></h2>
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STAY CONNECTED</h1>
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EDITOR'S PICKS</h1>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-41838767100453049952016-02-21T14:22:00.001-08:002016-02-21T14:22:06.738-08:00<div style="color: #666666; font-family: 'Open sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: 0px; line-height: 22px; position: absolute; width: 1583px;">
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Half the US Faces Earthquake Risk</h1>
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by Becky Oskin, Contributing Writer | April 24, 2015 06:54am ET</div>
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<tr style="margin-top: 0px !important;"><td style="margin-top: 0px !important;"><img alt="This hazard map by the U.S. Geological Survey reveals earthquake ground motions for various probability levels across the United States." src="http://i.livescience.com/images/i/000/075/585/iFF/earthquake-hazard-map.jpg?1429873032" style="margin-top: 0px !important; width: 270px;" /><div id="picad_share_holder" style="margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-shadow: none; z-index: 10004;">
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</span>PASADENA, Calif. — Earthquakes threaten roughly half the U.S. population, a new study finds.<br />
More than 143 million Americans live in <a href="http://www.livescience.com/46855-earthquake-map-us-risk-zones.html" style="color: #0099cc; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">earthquake-prone regions</a>in the Lower 48 states, according to research presented here Wednesday (April 22) at the annual <a class="itxtnewhook itxthook" href="http://www.livescience.com/50609-half-the-us-faces-earthquake-risk.html?cmpid=514636_20160221_58418216&adbid=z12puxg4omiyungx004chpy5grymshlhny40k&adbpl=gp&adbpr=101164570444913213957#" id="itxthook0" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border: 0px none transparent; color: #0099cc; cursor: pointer; display: inline; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap" id="itxthook0p" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: auto; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; height: auto; left: auto; line-height: normal; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static; right: auto; top: auto; white-space: nowrap !important;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap itxtnewhookspan" id="itxthook0w" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(0, 204, 0); border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; bottom: auto; color: #009900; display: inline; float: none; font-family: inherit; height: auto; left: auto; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; right: auto; text-decoration: underline !important; top: auto; white-space: normal;">meeting</span><img class="itxtrst itxtrstimg itxthookicon" id="itxthook0icon" src="http://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/icon1.png" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto; display: inline !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto; margin: 0px !important; max-height: none; max-width: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px !important; position: static; right: auto; top: auto; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: normal; width: auto !important;" /></span></a> of the Seismological Society of America. If you include Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico, that number rises to about 150 million U.S. citizens, said lead researcher Kishor Jaiswal, a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contractor.<br />
In a previous estimate prepared in 1991, officials with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) said 75 million people in 35 states were at risk of earthquakes.<br />
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Now, more people are living in quake-prone areas than a quarter-century ago, Jaiswal said. The USGS has also learned more about earthquake hazards. The nation's most recent <a href="http://www.livescience.com/50588-hazard-maps-manmade-earthquakes.html" style="color: #0099cc; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">national seismic hazard maps</a> are much more detailed than the 1996 version, Jaiswal said. [<a href="http://www.livescience.com/13191-millennium-destructive-earthquakes.html" style="color: #0099cc; text-decoration: none;">Image Gallery: This Millennium's Destructive Earthquakes</a>]<br />
As many as 28 million people in the 48 contiguous states could feel strong shaking in their lifetimes, he added. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale defines "strong shaking" as being frightening to many people, with some heavy furniture moved across the floor and a few instances of fallen plaster.<br />
Jaiswal and colleagues from the USGS, FEMA and the California Geological Survey analyzed the nation's earthquake risks by combining the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Maps with LandScan, a global population database. The 2014 map only covers the 48 contiguous states; Alaska, <a class="itxtnewhook itxthook" href="http://www.livescience.com/50609-half-the-us-faces-earthquake-risk.html?cmpid=514636_20160221_58418216&adbid=z12puxg4omiyungx004chpy5grymshlhny40k&adbpl=gp&adbpr=101164570444913213957#" id="itxthook1" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border: 0px none transparent; color: #0099cc; cursor: pointer; display: inline; margin-top: 0px !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap" id="itxthook1p" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: auto; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; height: auto; left: auto; line-height: normal; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static; right: auto; top: auto; white-space: nowrap !important;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap itxtnewhookspan" id="itxthook1w" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(0, 204, 0); border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; bottom: auto; color: #009900; display: inline; float: none; font-family: inherit; height: auto; left: auto; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; right: auto; text-decoration: underline !important; top: auto; white-space: normal;">Hawaii</span><img class="itxtrst itxtrstimg itxthookicon" id="itxthook1icon" src="http://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/icon1.png" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto; display: inline !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto; margin: 0px !important; max-height: none; max-width: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px !important; position: static; right: auto; top: auto; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: normal; width: auto !important;" /></span></a> and Puerto Rico will be updated in coming years.<br />
The research team also calculated the potential financial losses from earthquakes, using 2010 Census <a class="itxtnewhook itxthook" href="http://www.livescience.com/50609-half-the-us-faces-earthquake-risk.html?cmpid=514636_20160221_58418216&adbid=z12puxg4omiyungx004chpy5grymshlhny40k&adbpl=gp&adbpr=101164570444913213957#" id="itxthook2" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border: 0px none transparent; color: #0099cc; cursor: pointer; display: inline; margin-top: 0px !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap" id="itxthook2p" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: auto; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; height: auto; left: auto; line-height: normal; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static; right: auto; top: auto; white-space: nowrap !important;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap itxtnewhookspan" id="itxthook2w" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(0, 204, 0); border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; bottom: auto; color: #009900; display: inline; float: none; font-family: inherit; height: auto; left: auto; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; right: auto; text-decoration: underline !important; top: auto; white-space: normal;">data</span><img class="itxtrst itxtrstimg itxthookicon" id="itxthook2icon" src="http://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/icon1.png" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto; display: inline !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto; margin: 0px !important; max-height: none; max-width: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px !important; position: static; right: auto; top: auto; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: normal; width: auto !important;" /></span></a> and the 2012 replacement-cost values for buildings. The average economic hit from building damage in the contiguous states was $4.5 billion, with 80 percent of the losses concentrated in California, Oregon and Washington. However, the study researchers also found areas susceptible to building losses on the East Coast.<br />
"The bottom line is that there are a significant number of structures located amongst higher-hazard levels," Jaiswal said.<br />
The study revealed more than 6,000 fire stations, more than 800 hospitals, and nearly 20,000 public and private <a class="itxtnewhook itxthook" href="http://www.livescience.com/50609-half-the-us-faces-earthquake-risk.html?cmpid=514636_20160221_58418216&adbid=z12puxg4omiyungx004chpy5grymshlhny40k&adbpl=gp&adbpr=101164570444913213957#" id="itxthook3" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border: 0px none transparent; color: #0099cc; cursor: pointer; display: inline; margin-top: 0px !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap" id="itxthook3p" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: auto; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; height: auto; left: auto; line-height: normal; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static; right: auto; top: auto; white-space: nowrap !important;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap itxtnewhookspan" id="itxthook3w" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(0, 204, 0); border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; bottom: auto; color: #009900; display: inline; float: none; font-family: inherit; height: auto; left: auto; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; right: auto; text-decoration: underline !important; top: auto; white-space: normal;">schools</span><img class="itxtrst itxtrstimg itxthookicon" id="itxthook3icon" src="http://images.intellitxt.com/ast/adTypes/icon1.png" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto; display: inline !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto; margin: 0px !important; max-height: none; max-width: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px !important; position: static; right: auto; top: auto; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: normal; width: auto !important;" /></span></a> that are built on shaky ground.<br />
The study does not account for the spate of induced earthquakes, which are <a href="http://www.livescience.com/45322-fracking-wastewater-farther-earthquakes.html" style="color: #0099cc; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">man-made quakes</a> linked to wastewater injection wells and hydraulic fracturing, Jaiswal said. "There are 140 million people exposed to earth-shaking hazards, but that number could be even higher if you include induced seismicity," he said.<br />
The U.S. Geological Survey has since issued new hazard maps that focus on man-made earthquakes and that will help people evaluate their risk of shaking from these quakes.<br />
<em style="margin-top: 0px !important;">Follow Becky Oskin <a href="https://twitter.com/beckyoskin" style="color: #0099cc; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">@beckyoskin</a>. Follow Live Science <a href="https://twitter.com/LiveScience" style="color: #0099cc; text-decoration: none;">@livescience</a>,<a href="http://www.facebook.com/#!/livescience" style="color: #0099cc; text-decoration: none;">Facebook</a> & <a href="https://plus.google.com/101164570444913213957/posts" style="color: #0099cc; text-decoration: none;">Google+</a>. </em><em>Originally published on <a href="http://www.livescience.com/50609-half-the-us-faces-earthquake-risk.html" style="color: #0099cc; margin-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Live Science</a>.</em><br />
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Becky Oskin</h3>
Becky Oskin covers earth science, climate change and space, as well as general science topics. Becky was a science reporter at Live Science and The Pasadena Star-News; she has freelanced for New Scientist and the American Institute of Physics. She earned a master's degree in geology from Caltech, a bachelor's degree from Washington State University, and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz.<br /><div class="bio_social" style="float: left; margin-top: 10px;">
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<span class="pb-byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, sans-serif; padding-right: 5px;">By <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/people/peter-whoriskey" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Peter Whoriskey</span></a></span> <span class="pb-timestamp" content="2016-02-17T02:14-500" itemprop="datePublished" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #aaaaaa; display: inline-block; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 1em; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; white-space: nowrap;">February 17 at 2:14 PM</span> <span class="pb-tool email" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; padding-right: 5px;"><a href="mailto:whoriskeyp@washpost.com?subject=Reader%20feedback%20for%20%27What%20actual%20%E2%80%98caveman%E2%80%99%20DNA%20says%20about%20the%20Paleo%20movement%27" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fa fa-envelope" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto;"></span></a></span> <span class="tweet-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block;"><span class="pb-twitter-follow" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: middle;"><iframe allowtransparency="true" class="twitter-follow-button twitter-follow-button-rendered" data-screen-name="PeterWhoriskey" frameborder="0" id="twitter-widget-0" scrolling="no" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/follow_button.baa54ded21a982344c4ced326592f3de.en.html#dnt=false&id=twitter-widget-0&lang=en&screen_name=PeterWhoriskey&show_count=false&show_screen_name=true&size=m&time=1455748298277" style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 20px; position: static; visibility: visible; width: 154px;" title="Twitter Follow Button"></iframe></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="9bdea8af2a" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none;"></a><img class="courtesy-of-the-resizer zoom-in" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2016/02/kanaljorden.png&w=1484" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2016/02/kanaljorden.png&w=480" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2016/02/kanaljorden.png&w=1484" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in; width: 619px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span class="pb-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #6e6e6e; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px;">A worker in Motala, Sweden recovers remains of humans believed to be about 8,000 years old. DNA from the bones has been analyzed for clues to human evolution.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">The article kicked off not just a diet, but a movement. Appearing in the New England Journal of Medicine in January 1985, “</span><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">Paleolithic Nutrition: A Consideration of Its Nature and Current Implications</span></i><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">” argued that the human body is “genetically programmed” to run, not on a modern diet, but on the foods consumed by our Stone Age ancestors.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">“The human genetic constitution has changed relatively little since the appearance of truly modern human beings, Homo sapiens sapiens, about 40,000 years ago,” S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin Konner wrote.</span></div>
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The authors reasoned that human bodies have been shaped more by our prolonged time as hunter-gatherers than by the brief span since the advent of farming. Meat, probably lots of it, as well as fruits and vegetables were in. The staples of agriculture -- breads, cereals, milks and cheeses -- were not.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5;">Three decades later, that academic ripple is now a popular tidal wave. We have not just Paleo diets -- the subject of multiple bestsellers -- but Paleo exercise, Paleo sleeping and Paleo toilets. They’re all based on the premise that our bodies are more suited for Paleo-era habits.</span></div>
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But even as the “caveman” diet rose to become the most Googled diet in 2013 and 2014, evolutionary biologists, with much less advertisement, were using advanced DNA techniques, sometimes on ancient bones, to suggest that the original Paleo premise may be off the mark: In fact, it seems, we have evolved.</div>
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Over the last year alone, prominent scientific journals have published evidence of genetic shifts in humans over the last 10,000 years -- apparently in response humankind’s transition to agriculture.</div>
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Two relatively recent gene <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/17/what-actual-caveman-dna-says-about-the-paleo-movement/exploring%20the%20relationship%20between%20lifestyle,%20diets%20and%20genetic" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">variants</a> help humans survive with deficiencies characteristic of agricultural diets; <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413317/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">another genetic shift</a> appears to help fight the dental cavities that arose with farm-based staples; <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595274" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">another</a> changes the way humans digest fats; <a href="http://www.cell.com/ajhg/abstract/S0002-9297(15)00485-1" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">dozens of others help</a> fight the diseases that came with living at higher densities.</div>
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Those new findings add to previously known adaptations to mankind's changing diet. After the domestication of milking animals, many humans evolved to digest milk. Humans also appear to have developed better ways to digest the starches characteristic of agricultural diets.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">“It drives me crazy when Paleo diet people say that we’ve stopped evolving -- we haven’t,” said Anne C. Stone, a professor of human evolution at Arizona State University who has shown that genes related to starch digestion appear to have changed in number, apparently in response to farming. “Our diets have changed radically in the last 10,000 years, and, in response, we have changed, too.”</span></div>
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<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">[<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/17/parmesan-cheese-is-not-what-it-seems/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">Parmesan cheese is not what it seems</a>]</i></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">While all this new evidence challenges the Paleo diet argument, it doesn’t necessarily disprove it. And Eaton and Konner, for their part, maintain that their central hypothesis -- that there is a mismatch between our bodies and our diets -- remains sound.</span></div>
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Yes, Konner acknowledged in an interview, there is more research that humans have evolved recently.</div>
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“There’s evidence that there’s been a lot more selection and genetic change in the last five to 10,000 years than previously thought,” he said. “This is a challenge to the Paleo diet claims -- including mine and Boyd Eaton’s over the years.”</div>
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“But,” he said, “I don’t think it’s much of one.”</div>
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For one thing, he and Eaton say, the newly discovered genetic differences between Paleo hunter-gatherers and modern humans are not very numerous. While there may be some ways in which humans have adapted to agricultural diets, those are far outnumbered by the ways in which human bodies are suited for the Paleo era.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">“There are -- no question -- genetic differences” between Paleo people and us, Eaton said. “But our metabolism is controlled by hundreds of genes and maybe more than that. So while there are differences, they do not affect our nutritional needs in a significant way.”</span></div>
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Moreover, Konner said, even if one concedes that there has been significant genetic change over the last 10,000 years, those changes would only catch us up to human diets from 10,000 years ago. But our diets have changed radically over the last 300 years alone -- we consume less fiber, more refined grains, etc. -- and evolutionary forces can’t have altered our bodies so quickly over that time.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">“The bulk of the chronic degenerative disease in our population is due to dietary changes in the last few centuries; they’re not necessarily related to the shift from hunter-gatherers to agriculture,” Konner said. “The biggest culprit with the current epidemic of diabetes, a looming problem worldwide, is refined carbohydrates. There’s no way humans could have adapted to that because they haven’t been around long enough.”</span></div>
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Moreover, the idea that we may be better suited for a Paleo diet has been validated in part by recent shifts in the government's Dietary Guidelines for Americans. For example, the hunter-gatherer diets touted by Eaton and Konner included large amounts of cholesterol; with the 2015 Dietary Guidelines, the government dropped its sternest warning and numerical limit for cholesterol intake.</div>
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[<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/what-was-in-the-real-paleo-diet-way-back-when-it-wasnt-just-meat/2015/06/29/2cb4fec4-1b4f-11e5-bd7f-4611a60dd8e5_story.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">What was in the real Paleo diet way back when? It wasn't just meat.</a></em>]</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">The outcome of the debate over their idea, however, rests for now on the ongoing research, which has accelerated markedly in recent years.</span></div>
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When Eaton and Konner wrote in the '80s, the human genome had not been fully sequenced, and it was far more difficult to detect evidence of recent human evolution.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">Take, for example, the discovery that humans got the ability to digest milk -- lactose tolerance -- as they began to domesticate milking animals.</span></div>
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First, scientists had to discover that lactose tolerance is an inherited trait. This came about after scientists noticed similarities within families. Once that was established, scientists were forced to look for clues from geography and anthropology. What they found is that in populations where cattle had been long domesticated, most people could easily digest milk; in populations without domesticated milking animals, most could not.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">“This trait seems to be common or extremely common only in populations which have established the custom of having milk regularly in their diet after weaning,” Stanford geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza wrote in 1972. “It is rare or absent in others.”</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">Eaton and Konner acknowledged this dietary adaptation in their 1985 paper but said that “very few other examples are known.”</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">Since then, however, the pace of evolution research accelerated rapidly, especially with the ability to sequence the entire human genome. It allowed researchers, for example, to compare the DNA of populations with different diets -- new and old -- and look for signs of adaptation.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">Stone and her colleagues, for example, were interested in the varying abilities of people to digest diets loaded with starch. After the transition to agriculture, which brought steady supplies of wheat, corn, rice, barley and other crops, the ability to digest starches likely became more useful. Did human bodies adapt?</span></div>
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To answer that question, the researchers compared the DNA from peoples with high-starch diets and contrasted it with remote peoples who had low-starch diets.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">The high-starch groups included European Americans, Japanese and the Hadza, hunter-gatherers who rely on starch-rich roots. The low-starch groups were African pygmies, some African cattle farmers and a Russian ethnic group known as the Yakut.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 0px;">
As the DNA analysis showed, individuals from the high-starch groups were roughly twice as likely to have inherited many extra copies of the AMY1 gene. People with more copies of the AMY1 gene tend to have more of an enzyme known as amylase in their saliva, which allows them to better digest starch.</div>
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This benefit, Stone said, may have been particularly critical for the survival of children.</div>
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"In populations where starch was a major component of the diet, being able to extract as many calories as possible as quickly as possible likely was a lifesaver for kids who suffered from bouts of intestinal illness," she said.</div>
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More recently, another advance gave scientists a direct way of comparing contemporary humans to our Paleolithic ancestors. They were able recover DNA from ancient bones.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">In November 2013, for example, researchers announced that they had sequenced the DNA of a Siberian boy who lived 24,000 years ago. Then in October 2014, researchers announced that they had sequenced DNA from the bone of a human -- a thigh discovered in Siberia -- believed to be 45,000 years old. It is currently the </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">oldest modern human genome</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">“We now have some idea how people who lived 45,000 years before present were related to present-day people,” one of the researchers, Janet Kelso, said at the time.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">One of the largest, most significant recent critical finds came from excavations done in advance of a railway project in Motala, Sweden.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">In what were once wetlands and a shallow lake, workers led by archaeologist Fredrik Hallgren uncovered the remains of at least 11 humans. It was a strange find: skulls resting on wooden stakes. There were also, apparently as grave offerings, tools carved of bone and antler. One item was a knife made from a wild boar tusk.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">While the cultural significance of the burial remains clear, the DNA extracted from the remains is unequivocal.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">In a paper that appeared in December in the journal Nature, scientists looked at the DNA that has been recovered from the Motala remains and from those of more than 200 other ancient Eurasian humans. The ages ranged from 8,000 years old to about 2,000 years old -- a span of time that covers ancient hunter-gatherers as well as early farmers.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">In analyzing the DNA from those ancient remains, the scientists noted thousands of distinct places where there were DNA changes that didn’t seem just random. That is, the changes didn’t seem to be merely a case of genetic drift but a sign that the human species was actually adapting to some aspect of its environment.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">Out of those thousands of places, the scientists then highlighted 12 places in the DNA where the signs of selection were clustered. One of those clusters related to the digestion of milk -- a confirmation of previous findings. Another related to how humans digest fatty acids. Two others may have a link to celiac disease. Others were related to skin color, which got lighter as humans moved northward from Africa, and disease resistance.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">“Europeans of 4,000 years ago were different in important respects from Europeans today, despite having overall similar ancestry,” the authors concluded.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">Those findings, like the others, challenge the Paleo assumption that humans have not changed. What remains unanswered is how much. As good as the research techniques have become, and as far as the technology has advanced, the validity of the central premise of the Paleo movement remains uncertain. As Eaton and Konner said in 1985, any diet proposals, to be validated, must be tested with experiments.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400;">“My overall opinion of this is that we don’t really know,” said Iain Mathieson, a Harvard med school researcher and a co-author of the Nature paper. “We do know there are some specific changes in humans. But they are a relatively small in number. To me, it’s an open question. It’s a hypothesis.”</span></div>
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[<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/31/the-surprising-thing-ancient-mummies-tell-us-about-what-to-eat/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">The surprising thing ancient mummies tell us about what to eat</a></em>]</div>
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Peter Whoriskey is a staff writer for The Washington Post handling projects in business, healthcare and health. You can email him at <a href="mailto:peter.whoriskey@washpost.com" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none;">peter.whoriskey@washpost.com</a>.</div>
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One crazy animation shows just how unequal the U.S. really is</div>
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"Try the bag or hanging," Michelle Carter counseled her boyfriend Conrad Roy III in a text message, shortly before his suicide.</div>
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The country's most high-profile victim of cyberharassment has given up on the legal system.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">redux5000</span></div>
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5:30 PM EST</div>
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<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: transparent; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none; border-radius: 3px; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-0 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-root" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: 36px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: 36px;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://wpidentity.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/avatar-default.png"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; height: 36px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">kjmclark</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:28 PM EST</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper-root" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; float: left; width: 599px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 56px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 543px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">So maybe they should write a new book, the "Post Black Death Diet"? Or maybe the "Middle Ages Diet"? I have my doubts those titles will sell as well. But if you look at the filtering events that cause evolutionary change, it would seem more like the black death, plagues, various climate changes, invasions, etc. would be the source of most of the changes in Europe over the past several thousand years. <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" /> <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" />It's always hard to read articles about evolution that aren't very careful to point out the mechanisms of genetic change. Your genes don't change in your body during your lifetime. Gene expression might change some, but the chromosomes themselves don't (excepting cancer.) Genetic change happens between generations as people with better genes for the circumstances reproduce more, and those children make it to adulthood to reproduce themselves. Drinking milk doesn't result in changes to your genes to allow you to digest milk. The people who have the genes to digest milk have more kids, grandkids, great grandkids, etc. than people who don't.</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-mediaContent echo-conversations-mediacontainer echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-single" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-bottom: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag-flaggedBy" style="background: url("//js.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/js/echo2/sdk/v3/images/curation/status/communityflagged.png") 0px 4px no-repeat; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding: 0px 0px 4px 21px;">
</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-footer echo-secondaryColor echo-secondaryFont" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-from" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-via" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: transparent; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none; border-radius: 3px; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-0 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-root-thread" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: 36px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: 36px;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://post-avatars.s3.amazonaws.com/00000131-8b9d-b625-f9f0-a91f18faaf96"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; height: 36px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">mini1071</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:24 PM EST</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper-root" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; float: left; width: 599px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 56px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 543px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">Does not evolution only speak to that which enables organisms to live long enough to procreate? Rather than living to old age?</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-mediaContent echo-conversations-mediacontainer echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-single" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-bottom: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag-flaggedBy" style="background: url("//js.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/js/echo2/sdk/v3/images/curation/status/communityflagged.png") 0px 4px no-repeat; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding: 0px 0px 4px 21px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-footer echo-secondaryColor echo-secondaryFont" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-from" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-via" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: none; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-top: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-child echo-trinaryBackgroundColor echo-item-user-marker-top_commenter" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 2px 55px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: auto; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: auto;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://post-avatars.s3.amazonaws.com/0000013b-1ec1-e37e-b4d7-dc3e5624bb14"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="marker" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; position: relative; width: auto;" title="Post Forum...">
<span class="marker echo-item-user-top_commenter" rel="#echo-top_commenter" style="background: url("https://img.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/echo2/twp_comments_echo2_badges.png?t=b20140206150100") -11px -25px no-repeat transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; height: 25px; margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-indent: -10000px; width: 25px;"></span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">wolfemi1</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:27 PM EST</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper-child" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; float: left; width: 544px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 51px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 493px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">"Does not evolution only speak to that which enables organisms to live long enough to procreate? Rather than living to old age?" <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" /> <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" />Nope. "Long enough to procreate" is really important, but staying alive for child rearing / communal knowledge is also important.</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-mediaContent echo-conversations-mediacontainer echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-single" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-bottom: 8px;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag-flaggedBy" style="background: url("//js.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/js/echo2/sdk/v3/images/curation/status/communityflagged.png") 0px 4px no-repeat; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding: 0px 0px 4px 21px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-footer echo-secondaryColor echo-secondaryFont" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-from" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-via" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-2" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 110px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: transparent; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none; border-radius: 3px; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-0 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-root" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: 36px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: 36px;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://fbcdn-profile-a.akamaihd.net/hprofile-ak-xpa1/v/t1.0-1/p50x50/1558402_10152356101433536_8631657771145823958_n.jpg?oh=9c993ca4a5534724856bcc81f78ef626&oe=55C7F08B&__gda__=1438583476_d0273f90ec1a93e8ebc5a69d0478291d"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; height: 36px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">SuzieTampa</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:24 PM EST</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper-root" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; float: left; width: 599px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 56px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 543px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">"While the cultural significance of the burial remains clear, the DNA extracted from the remains is unequivocal." WaPo meant "... the burial remains unclear."</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-mediaContent echo-conversations-mediacontainer echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-single" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-bottom: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag-flaggedBy" style="background: url("//js.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/js/echo2/sdk/v3/images/curation/status/communityflagged.png") 0px 4px no-repeat; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding: 0px 0px 4px 21px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-footer echo-secondaryColor echo-secondaryFont" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-from" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-via" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: transparent; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none; border-radius: 3px; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-0 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-root" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: 36px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: 36px;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://wpidentity.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/avatar-default.png"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; height: 36px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;">
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<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">Chuck0870</span></div>
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5:23 PM EST</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">Not according to Crossfit Scientists! How come no quotes from them in here? Gainz!</span></div>
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<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: transparent; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none; border-radius: 3px; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">OldestMan</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:17 PM EST</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 56px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 543px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">Some fun snark on this thread. <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" /> <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" />Let's not throw out the baby with the bathwater - the "evolution" part of the Paleo diet may not hold up. But the concept results in avoiding highly processed foods, particularly carbs, eating food in its more natural state, etc. The evidence is probably better when you take out the quasi-genetic element and focus on how well it works v. what has become the standard American diet.</span></div>
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<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-child echo-trinaryBackgroundColor echo-item-user-marker-top_commenter" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 2px 55px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
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<div class="marker" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; position: relative; width: auto;" title="Post Forum...">
<span class="marker echo-item-user-top_commenter" rel="#echo-top_commenter" style="background: url("https://img.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/echo2/twp_comments_echo2_badges.png?t=b20140206150100") -11px -25px no-repeat transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; height: 25px; margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-indent: -10000px; width: 25px;"></span></div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">wolfemi1</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:18 PM EST</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 5px;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">"The evidence is probably better when you take out the quasi-genetic element and focus on how well it works v. what has become the standard American diet." <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" /> <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" />Here's the thing, though: if you have good effects by accident due to a faulty theory, the theory still needs work.</span></div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likedBy echo-streamserver-controls-facepile echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-plugin-LikeCardUI" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: block; float: left; height: 20px; line-height: 10px; margin-right: 3px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-container" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; line-height: 12px; vertical-align: top;"><span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-more" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; display: inline; float: left; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px; margin-top: 5px; white-space: nowrap;" title="This item has 2 likes">2</span><span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-suffixText" style="background-image: url("https://img.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/echo2/twp_comments_assets_1.png?t=b20140206150100"); background-position: 0px -67px; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; height: 16px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; width: 16px;"></span></span></div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-2" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 110px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: transparent; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none; border-radius: 3px; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-0 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-root-thread" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: 36px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: 36px;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://wpidentity.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/avatar-default.png"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; height: 36px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">BillM2</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:16 PM EST</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper-root" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; float: left; width: 599px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 56px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 543px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">The available food was also different back then. The grains that we eat today are not like what was available back then. Humans genetically modified the grains by selecting those that were easiest to domesticate for agricultural use. The grains that were selected became the dominant forms of that grain, while the others eventually died out. Pea pods used to explode (in order to scatter their seeds). Pea pods that didn't explode, which ordinarily would have prevented that particular plant from reproducing, became the plant that humans favored to grow. <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" /> <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" />Jarred Diamond has a great explanation of this process in his classic "Guns, Germs and Steel". The chapter is called "How to Make an Almond" (Almonds used to be toxic, but pre-historical humans learned how to domesticate a non-toxic almond).</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-mediaContent echo-conversations-mediacontainer echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-single" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-bottom: 0px;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag-flaggedBy" style="background: url("//js.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/js/echo2/sdk/v3/images/curation/status/communityflagged.png") 0px 4px no-repeat; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding: 0px 0px 4px 21px;">
</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-footer echo-secondaryColor echo-secondaryFont" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-from" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-via" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likedBy echo-streamserver-controls-facepile echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-plugin-LikeCardUI" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: block; float: left; height: 20px; line-height: 10px; margin-right: 3px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-container" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; line-height: 12px; vertical-align: top;"><span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-more" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; display: inline; float: left; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px; margin-top: 5px; white-space: nowrap;" title="This item has 3 likes">3</span><span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-suffixText" style="background-image: url("https://img.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/echo2/twp_comments_assets_1.png?t=b20140206150100"); background-position: 0px -67px; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; height: 16px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; width: 16px;"></span></span></div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: none; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-top: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-child-thread echo-trinaryBackgroundColor" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-radius: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 2px 55px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: auto; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: auto;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://wpidentity.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/avatar-default.png"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">kjmclark</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:19 PM EST</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper-child" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; float: left; width: 544px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 51px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 493px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">Yes, but that's selective breeding, not genetic modification. Considering that they didn't even know about the concept of genes and chromosomes, it's pretty unlikely early agriculturalists were looking through microscopes and doing PCR to change those plants.</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-mediaContent echo-conversations-mediacontainer echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-single" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-bottom: 8px;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag-flaggedBy" style="background: url("//js.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/js/echo2/sdk/v3/images/curation/status/communityflagged.png") 0px 4px no-repeat; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding: 0px 0px 4px 21px;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-footer echo-secondaryColor echo-secondaryFont" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-from" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-via" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-ReplyCardUI echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Reply</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: none; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-top: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-2 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-child echo-trinaryBackgroundColor echo-item-user-marker-top_commenter" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 2px 110px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: auto; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: auto;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://post-avatars.s3.amazonaws.com/0000013b-1ec1-e37e-b4d7-dc3e5624bb14"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="marker" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; position: relative; width: auto;" title="Post Forum...">
<span class="marker echo-item-user-top_commenter" rel="#echo-top_commenter" style="background: url("https://img.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/echo2/twp_comments_echo2_badges.png?t=b20140206150100") -11px -25px no-repeat transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; height: 25px; margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-indent: -10000px; width: 25px;"></span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">wolfemi1</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:21 PM EST</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper-child" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; float: left; width: 489px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 51px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 438px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">"Yes, but that's selective breeding, not genetic modification." <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" /> <br style="box-sizing: content-box !important;" />They're roughly the same in effect.</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-mediaContent echo-conversations-mediacontainer echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-single" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-bottom: 8px;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag-flaggedBy" style="background: url("//js.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/js/echo2/sdk/v3/images/curation/status/communityflagged.png") 0px 4px no-repeat; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding: 0px 0px 4px 21px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-footer echo-secondaryColor echo-secondaryFont" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-from" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-via" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likedBy echo-streamserver-controls-facepile echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-plugin-LikeCardUI" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: block; float: left; height: 20px; line-height: 10px; margin-right: 3px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-container" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; line-height: 12px; vertical-align: top;"><span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-more" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; display: inline; float: left; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px; margin-top: 5px; white-space: nowrap;" title="This item has 2 likes">2</span><span class="echo-streamserver-controls-facepile-suffixText" style="background-image: url("https://img.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/echo2/twp_comments_assets_1.png?t=b20140206150100"); background-position: 0px -67px; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; height: 16px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; width: 16px;"></span></span></div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
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<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-3" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 15px; padding-left: 90px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TweetDisplayCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlagCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-Edit echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ModerationCardUI echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-TWP_Stream_Item" style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-wrapper" style="background: none; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-top: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-2 echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-container-child echo-trinaryBackgroundColor" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-right-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; border-top-color: rgb(213, 213, 213) !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin: 0px 0px 2px 110px; padding: 10px 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-indicator" style="background-color: transparent; border-left-style: none !important; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; transition: background-color 5000ms linear; width: 4px; z-index: 10;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar-wrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-avatar echo-image-container echo-image-position-fill" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; height: auto; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; width: auto;">
<div style="background-image: url("https://wpidentity.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/avatar-default.png"); background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: 40px 40px; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 40px; width: 40px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-box" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CardUIShim-header-centered" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-authorName" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: none; font-family: FranklinITCProBold !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-stretch: normal !important; font-style: normal !important; font-variant: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: normal !important; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span style="box-sizing: content-box !important; padding-right: 0px;">kjmclark</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-date" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; float: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
5:28 PM EST</div>
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-wrapper-child" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline; float: left; width: 489px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subwrapper" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 51px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-subcontainer" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left; width: 438px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-frame" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-data" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-top: 2px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-body echo-primaryColor" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #3a3a3a; margin-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px;">
<span class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-text" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">That *completely* depends on the genetic change, doesn't it. They *can* have similar, or even the same, result. But it depends almost entirely on the traits that are being changed. The odds of natural selection producing strawberries with fish genes are vanishingly small, but the odds of getting larger ears of corn from both methods, possibly involving the same genetic changes, are pretty high.</span></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-mediaContent echo-conversations-mediacontainer echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-URLResolver-single" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-bottom: 8px;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-CommunityFlag-flaggedBy" style="background: url("//js.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/js/echo2/sdk/v3/images/curation/status/communityflagged.png") 0px 4px no-repeat; box-sizing: content-box !important; padding: 0px 0px 4px 21px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-footer echo-secondaryColor echo-secondaryFont" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-from" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-via" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: left;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttons" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; float: right; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, Helvetica-light, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">
<a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-Like echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Like</span></a><a class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-button-share echo-clickable" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #c6c6c6; cursor: pointer; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;"><span class="echo-primaryFont echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-buttonCaption" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #b2b2b2; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: bottom;">Share</span></a></div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-LikeCardUI-likesArea" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; float: right; margin-top: 5px;">
<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-clear" style="box-sizing: content-box !important; clear: both; height: 0px !important;">
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-children" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-3" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 15px; padding-left: 90px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-2" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 110px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
</div>
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<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-childrenByCurrentActorLive" style="box-sizing: content-box !important;">
</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-plugin-ReplyCardUI-replyForm echo-streamserver-controls-stream-item-depth-1" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 4px; box-sizing: content-box !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: auto;">
</div>
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</div>
<div class="echo-streamserver-controls-stream-more" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213); box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #2a2a2a; cursor: pointer; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 10px; padding: 10px; text-align: center;">
More</div>
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<div class=" right-rail pb-layout-item pb-chain pb-c-default-chain pb-1" id="c0PU4o9RMUtYCp" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; width: 330px;">
<div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-1 pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-flex" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/flex" data-feature-name="no-name" id="f03Nc8hRMUtYCp" moat-id="ad/flex|business" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: left; width: 330px;">
<div aria-hidden="true" class="pb-ad-container border-bottom-airy" data-ad-type="flex_ss_bb_hp" id="slug_flex_ss_bb_hp" style="background: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 0px 7px; text-align: center;">
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<li style="border-bottom-color: rgb(210, 210, 210); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/17/mixed-marriages-are-changing-the-way-we-think-about-our-race/?tid=pm_business_pop_b" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><div class="number left" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin-top: -3px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px;">
1</div>
<img class="photo right small-img placeholder courtesy-of-the-resizer" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/republic318843.jpg-08d15.jpg" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/republic318843.jpg-08d15.jpg" data-threshold="60" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/republic318843.jpg-08d15.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 10px;" /><div class="headline " style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px !important; overflow: hidden;">
Mixed marriages are changing the way we think about our race</div>
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<li style="border-bottom-color: rgb(210, 210, 210); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/17/what-actual-caveman-dna-says-about-the-paleo-movement/?tid=pm_business_pop_b" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><div class="number left" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin-top: -3px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px;">
2</div>
<img class="photo right small-img placeholder courtesy-of-the-resizer" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/kanaljorden.png" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/kanaljorden.png" data-threshold="60" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/kanaljorden.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 10px;" /><div class="headline " style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px !important; overflow: hidden;">
What actual ‘caveman’ DNA says about the Paleo movement</div>
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</div>
</a></li>
<li style="border-bottom-color: rgb(210, 210, 210); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/16/the-remarkably-different-answers-men-and-women-give-when-asked-whos-the-smartest-in-the-class/?tid=pm_business_pop_b" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><div class="number left" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin-top: -3px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px;">
3</div>
<img class="photo right small-img placeholder courtesy-of-the-resizer" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/MenWomenSchool.gif" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/MenWomenSchool.gif" data-threshold="60" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/MenWomenSchool.gif" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 10px;" /><div class="headline " style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px !important; overflow: hidden;">
The remarkably different answers men and women give when asked who’s the smartest in the class</div>
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<li style="border-bottom-color: rgb(210, 210, 210); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/17/parmesan-cheese-is-not-what-it-seems/?tid=pm_business_pop_b" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><div class="number left" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin-top: -3px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px;">
4</div>
<img class="photo right small-img placeholder courtesy-of-the-resizer" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/0217_Cheese_SocialShare.jpg" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/0217_Cheese_SocialShare.jpg" data-threshold="60" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/0217_Cheese_SocialShare.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 10px;" /><div class="headline " style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px !important; overflow: hidden;">
Parmesan cheese is not what it seems</div>
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<li class="last" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/16/when-to-stop-dating-and-settle-down-according-to-math/?tid=pm_business_pop_b" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><div class="number left" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin-top: -3px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px;">
5</div>
<img class="photo right small-img placeholder courtesy-of-the-resizer" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/LL30legoheart.jpg" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/LL30legoheart.jpg" data-threshold="60" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60x60/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/wonkblog/201602/Images/LL30legoheart.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 10px;" /><div class="headline " style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FranklinITCProLight, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 15px !important; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px !important; overflow: hidden;">
When to stop dating and settle down, according to math</div>
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<div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-1 pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-games-gamesWidget" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-id="games/gamesWidget" data-feature-name="no-name" id="fvPIzb1RMUtYCp" moat-id="games/gamesWidget|business" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 10px; position: relative; width: 330px;">
<div class="right-rail game-module position-rel html5" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 10px; position: relative;">
<div class="games-intro" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0.5em 0px;">
Our Online Games</h4>
<div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(210, 210, 210); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: FranklinITCProLight; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px;">
Play right from this page</div>
</div>
<div class="full-width module component" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 300px;">
<div class="game-widgets-container position-rel" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;">
<div id="online-game-carousel-right-rail" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<ul class="games" style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0.6em 0px; width: 300px;"><a class="clear block flash" data-toggle="game-trigger" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #2e6d9d; cursor: pointer; display: block; text-decoration: none;"><div class="game-item" iframeheight="444" iframewidth="640" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<img alt="" src="https://images.washingtonpost.com/?url=https://amsarkadium-a.akamaihd.net/assets/global/game/mahjongg-dimensions/37a853fe-5523-4c7f-96a3-a59ed295157a/148x148.png&op=noop" style="border-radius: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 75px; margin-right: 0.6em; padding: 1px; width: 75px;" /><div style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: none;">
Mahjongg Dimensions</h4>
<h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: none;">
Genre(s):</h5>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Strategy</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: FranklinITCProLight; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px;">
It's 3D Mahjongg- you don't even need to wear 3D glasses!</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0.6em 0px; width: 300px;"><a class="clear block flash" data-toggle="game-trigger" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #2e6d9d; cursor: pointer; display: block; text-decoration: none;"><div class="game-item" iframeheight="450" iframewidth="660" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<img alt="" src="https://images.washingtonpost.com/?url=https://amsarkadium-a.akamaihd.net/assets/80A67319-A53A-42DF-AFBE-56492553AF10/game/sunday-crossword/39008695-cb2a-41be-b37e-3a10dfd04826/148x148.png&op=noop" style="border-radius: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 75px; margin-right: 0.6em; padding: 1px; width: 75px;" /><div style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: none;">
The Sunday Crossword by Evan Birnholz</h4>
<h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: none;">
Genre(s):</h5>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Word</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: FranklinITCProLight; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px;">
Online crossword.</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></li>
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<img alt="" src="https://images.washingtonpost.com/?url=https://amsarkadium-a.akamaihd.net/assets/global/game/webgl-spider-solitaire/74fed3ef-93c6-4925-b8bf-b08250534230/292x194.jpg&op=noop" style="border-radius: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 75px; margin-right: 0.6em; padding: 1px; width: 75px;" /><div style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: none;">
Spider Solitaire</h4>
<h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: none;">
Genre(s):</h5>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Card</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: FranklinITCProLight; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px;">
Spider Solitaire is known as the king of all solitaire games!</div>
</div>
</div>
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<img alt="" src="https://images.washingtonpost.com/?url=https://amsarkadium-a.akamaihd.net/assets/global/game/webgl-daily-crossword/e9d3e092-c66a-4f55-990f-6dc25a280de7/292x194.jpg&op=noop" style="border-radius: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 75px; margin-right: 0.6em; padding: 1px; width: 75px;" /><div style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: none;">
Daily Crossword</h4>
<h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2a2a2a; float: left; font-family: FranklinITCProBold, HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: none;">
Genre(s):</h5>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Word</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: FranklinITCProLight; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px;">
Challenge your crossword skills everyday with a huge variety of puzzles waiting for you to solve.</div>
</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-4342418642388729312016-02-09T08:23:00.001-08:002016-02-09T08:23:55.751-08:00<div class="PromoBoxHeadLeft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
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The probiotic effect: Analyzing a regimen that's ready to fight pathogenic biofilm</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">January 12, 2016</span></div>
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<b><i>Analyzing a regimen that's ready to fight pathogenic biofilm</i></b></div>
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<i><b>By Debbie Z. Sabatini, RDH</b></i></div>
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Biofilm is the buzzword circulating the pages and airways of every health-related resource I stumble upon or subscribe to. Thousands and thousands of words are dedicated to defining what biofilm is, does, and why and how to treat it.</div>
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Those of us who keep up on biofilm are seeing more articles, products, and programs on surface disinfection, sterilization, and OSHA recommendations on biofilm in our water lines, and the importance of treating the inner surfaces of that toxic tube.</div>
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For the purpose of this article, we will focus on the toxic biofilm matrix that coats the structures of the teeth and gums. My goal for this article is that we change our conversations and the words we use among our patients and ourselves by not minimizing pathogenic biofilm and its damaging effects simply by calling it plaque.</div>
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Bacterial plaque biofilm is defined by the free dictionary as: (noun) a thick grouping of microorganisms that are very resistant to antibiotics and antimicrobial agents that live on the gingival tissues, teeth, and restorations, causing caries and periodontal diseases.</div>
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Actually, what I find perplexing is that the effects of the bacterial plaque biofilm, which are damaging and often irreversible, are the very things that are so undercommunicated to the patient.</div>
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What do you suppose the patient's response would be if we truthfully communicated the exact definition of pathogenic biofilm during the data collection portion of our risk assessment appointment? I believe it would finally put to rest the circulating fable that bacterial plaque accumulation is just from "not brushing or flossing enough." What would the reaction be if we changed the words we use to define the action or reaction of toxic biofilm to the patient's overall health?</div>
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Let's find the time to explain that the pathogenic biofilm that overpowers protective and preventive beneficial bacteria in our mouths eventually breaks down enamel by the release of lactic acid. Caries is an infection, a bacterial invasion of the tooth structure; it is not a cavity (a cavity is a hole caused by pathogenic biofilm releasing lactic acid). Pathogenic biofilm affecting the epithelial layer is a disease diagnosed as gingivitis; it is much more than bleeding gums. Let's explain that chronic biofilm exposure eats bone that supports natural teeth, a denture, partial, or an implant. This bacterial infection sadly has reached epidemic proportions, yet we still commonly refer to its generic term as periodontal disease.</div>
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Probiotics ready to fight</h2>
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This is serious! The statistics of underdiagnosed and undertreated periodontal disease are staggering. Our dialogue and actions must adapt and lead us to applying personalized medicine protocols and identifying risks in long-term health or chronic illness to our clients-not to mention the added value and expertise we provide as a professional! Do you think if we articulated this position that patients would respond, "Honey, just clean my teeth"? I'm not naïve enough to say that some won't. We need to be resolved in our execution of therapy with them. Fortunately, in my experience, the majority of responses we receive is, "Why didn't someone tell me about this sooner? And how fast can we get rid of it?"</div>
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There are many forms of biofilm disruption protocols that offices try to integrate, too numerous to discuss in this article. What I do want to share, as I do in all of my seminars, is the "why" of the disease. Identifying specific species of pathogenic biofilm via noninvasive saliva testing is quick and painless. The more information you can get on the patient's specific inflammatory burden, the more predictable your treatment outcomes will become. It makes what we do medically necessary and our therapies measurably more beneficial.</div>
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So how does understanding biofilm and identifying the specific biofilm that affects tooth structure or epithelial tissue relate to probiotics? Simply put, our highly developed immune system is designed to be on guard and readily available to fight disease and safeguard itself against pathogenic biofilm. When the oral ecosystem is out of equilibrium, symptoms of inflammation, caries, and bleeding will ultimately present themselves. In identifying the imbalance, we can support its repair by selecting a supplemental product that repopulates beneficial probiotic levels found naturally in our immune system when we are healthy.</div>
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The term "probiotics" comes from Latin and Greek words literally meaning "for life." The World Health Organization's 2001 definition of probiotics is "the use of live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host." For those who have integrated dietary probiotics into their health regimen, it has recently been published that you may already be benefiting from the therapeutic potential and inhibition of periodontal pathogens, specifically <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, and<i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</sup> This means there is a bidirectional effect on probiotics taken orally and oral care probiotics, which we will address now.</div>
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Science backs up products</h2>
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Oral care probiotics are probiotics intended for the oral cavity to help maintain healthy oral flora. One of the most studied and accepted oral care probiotics is EvoraPro by Oragenics. While most probiotics are ingested orally, they are not intended to confer an oral benefit. EvoraPro's patented blend of probiotic strains (ProBiora3) naturally derive from the pockets of healthy mouths and are intended to impart an oral benefit. ProBiora3 is Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis KJ3) and Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis KJ2), which are both associated with gingival tissue health, as well as Streptococcus rattus (S. rattus JH145), which is specific to tooth health. These probiotic bacteria synergistically work as antagonists to undesirable oral bacteria associated with rampant caries, bad breath, and oral infections, all challenges dental health providers and patients face indiscriminately.</div>
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EvoraPro ideally should be taken orally every evening after normal oral hygiene routines are completed. Once activated via saliva (by chewing and swishing around the mouth, sucking on until dissolved, or crushing the tablet and placing in the mouth), ProBiora3 competes with the disease-causing pathogenic microorganisms for the same nutrient layer and space that proliferates below the gum line, deep down in the base of the pocket, and in and around the crevices of the tooth and occlusal surfaces.</div>
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In a 2009 human clinical study,<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> the effects of daily usage of EvoraPro oral care probiotics over four weeks resulted in a decrease in the levels of Streptococcus mutans in 84% of the subjects tested. Across all subjects there was an average six-fold reduction, thus reducing the risk of a caries infection from moderate to low according to the CAMBRA index. Also documented was a greater than 300-fold decrease in the levels of Campylobacter rectus, a toxic gram-negative pathogenic bacterium found in patients with periodontal disease. A greater than 100-fold decrease response was also noted in Porphyromonas gingivalis among other oral pathogens within a month of use.</div>
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Imagine the impact of helping to maintain our patients' oral health by including EvoraPro as part of optimal long-term care. With the implementation of EvoraPro3 as part of the all-natural oral ecosystem hygiene protocol, we can now assist all patients in reestablishing and/or maintaining the delicate balance between oral microflora and the host to prevent the overcolonization of undesirable microorganisms that they sometimes cannot prevent on their own.</div>
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There are three other products available for the benefit of a balanced ecosystem. Sunstar provides GUM PerioBalance,<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</sup>which contains two strains of <i>Lactobacillus reuteri (Prodentis</i>) that is derived from dairy and the human gut. When taken on a daily basis, it helps to balance the oral environment to promote healthy teeth and gums, reduce plaque, and fight bad breath.</div>
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Another product comes from BLIS Technologies. BLIS K12 is an advanced probiotic for oral and upper respiratory tract health. It is a specific and proprietary strain of S. salivarius able to help support fresh breath naturally while supporting immune system health as it relates to the mouth and upper respiratory tract.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</sup> S. salivarius M18 also satisfies patients' desire for fresher breath, healthy teeth, and plaque reduction.</div>
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The last product is a toothpaste from Germany called Plidenta Pro-T-Action. It is a first-of-its-kind probiotic toothpaste. Pro-T-Action is a specific probiotic<i> (Lacobacillus paracasei</i>), which co-aggregates Streptococcus mutans and thus reduces caries-causing bacteria in the mouth.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</sup></div>
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Please look at the manufacturer's labels and talk with your representatives when evaluating these six factors. Together you will determine the best product for your patient's condition.</div>
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In closing, bidirectional interactions between pathogenic biofilm and probiotics have a huge potential in playing an important role in the maintenance of oral health and general well-being. Including oral care probiotics will assist the patient to naturally and consistently improve oral health and maintain a balanced ecosystem easily, effectively, and consistently in between visits.</div>
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The key to maintaining oral health is to embrace its microbial ecosystem and its unique ability to thrive from exposure at birth until death. Now, with a better understanding of biofilm and probiotics, we can proactively impact the oral health of our patients and minimize the need for invasive dental or pharmacological oral care. <b>RDH</b></div>
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Which oral care probiotic should you recommend?</h2>
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<b>In researching the best probiotic regimen for you and your clients, consider these six factors:</b></div>
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<b>1. Price</b>-This is often the first concern of the clinician in anticipation of explaining the investment in dispensable items to the client.<br /><b>2. Purity</b>-The fewer the additives, flavors, impurities, the better.<br /><b>3. Potency</b>-The total count of all bacteria in the probiotic. Potency is a measure of viable bacterial or fungal cells. It is often listed as CFU or colony forming units. Read the label; it often contains "live active cultures added." Taking and storing them according to manufacturer's recommendations will ensure the percent of live cultures will be maintained.<br /><b>4. Expiration date</b>-Probiotics are most effective when they are live. Some need to be stored in the refrigerator and have a short shelf life. Others have been manufactured and freeze-dried to maintain potency for a longer time period; this is called stability.<br /><b>5. Strains</b>-Most probiotics have a combination of effective strains, which enhance the bacteria to do a specific job.<br /><b>6. Compliance</b>-How do you think your patient will integrate oral care probiotics into the oral hygiene regimen? Taking an oral care probiotic is simple and inexpensive. I suggest my clients take it when I do-30 minutes after my home-care procedures, I allow it to dissolve in my mouth before I put my bruxism appliance in.</div>
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<b>Debbie Z. Sabatini, RDH</b>, is the founder of the OralED Institute. She has presented continuing education for a number of programs: oral-systemic health, oral abnormality screening techniques for cancer prevention, oral HPV, effective communication, and technologies for risk assessment. In 2015, Sabatini cofounded the All.Cancer.Prevention.Coalition (ACPC.org), a nonprofit whose purpose is to support a medley of cancer causes with its focus on early detection through education and screening events, as well as to comfort and support patients and families diagnosed with cancer.</div>
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References</h2>
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1. van Essche M, Loozen G, Godts C, Boon N, Pauwels M, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Bacterial antagonism against periodontopathogens. J Periodontol. 2013;84(6):801-811. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.120261. Epub 2012 Aug 16.<br />2. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2009;107:682-690. oragenics.com.<br />3. <a href="http://www.periobalance.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">http://www.periobalance.com</a><br />4. http://blis.co.nz<br />5. <a href="http://www.plidenta.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">http://www.plidenta.com</a></div>
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Resources</h2>
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<article itemprop="articleBody" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
Here's something to ponder as you consider whether to <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2015/dec/31/how-long-do-people-keep-their-new-year-resolutions" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">ditch that New Year's resolution to exercise more</a>: Your 20s are your prime weight-gaining years,<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_11/sr11_252.pdf" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">according to data from the CDC</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="1fc897490e" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d;"></a><img class="courtesy-of-the-resizer zoom-in" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2016/01/pounds.png&w=1484" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2016/01/pounds.png&w=480" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2016/01/pounds.png&w=1484" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in; width: 619px;" /></div>
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The charts above are approximations of typical lifetime weight gain, based on<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_11/sr11_252.pdf" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">CDC data, which is reported in 10-year increments</a>. The numbers come from the <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey</a>, which involves medical examinations of thousands of men and women each year. The great thing about these numbers is that they're based on clinicians' examinations, not respondents' self-reports. So fibbing about your actual weight isn't an issue here.</div>
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Epidemiologists <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23638485" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">have observed</a> that the average person typically puts on 1 to 2 pounds a year from early adulthood through middle age. The CDC's numbers show that much of the increase is concentrated in the 20s, for men and women.</div>
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<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">[<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/18/one-chart-shows-why-its-nearly-impossible-to-lose-weight-and-keep-it-off/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">One chart shows why it’s nearly impossible to lose weight and keep it off</a>]</i></div>
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The average man in his 20s weighs around 185 pounds, according to the CDC. But by his 30s, he's closer to 200 pounds. The average woman's weight goes from about 162 to 170 pounds over the same period. These increases are a little smaller than the 1 to 2 pounds per year you typically hear because of different methodology: The CDC makes national estimates based on a representative subset of the population, rather than studying the same individuals over time.</div>
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There are any number of factors at work here. As people leave school, they may be less likely to participate in sports. They take on <a href="http://mic.com/articles/104550/what-working-long-hours-actually-does-to-your-body#.MPG02sEZp" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">jobs</a> and sometimes<a href="http://primary.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2011/05/your_commute_is_killing_you.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">long commutes</a>, which eat into time that could otherwise be spent exercising. Job-related time pressures make quick (<a href="http://www.obesityaction.org/educational-resources/resource-articles-2/nutrition/eating-out-vs-eating-at-home" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">and often calorie-dense</a>) takeout meals more attractive than time-intensive home-cooked ones.</div>
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Then throw in <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/22/weight-gain_n_2528800.html" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">marriage</a> and <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/07/21/yes-men-gain-weight-when-they-become-dads-study-confirms/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">kids</a> for a whole different set of pressure on free time. Say you've got an hour free in the evening and you can spend it either by going to the gym or playing with your kids. Which one would you choose?</div>
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There is some good news: CDC's data suggest that your weight probably will not increase indefinitely. The rate of increase starts to slow in the 30s and 40s, and plateaus in your 50s.</div>
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</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
After that, the average weight falls. The kids are out of the house and your career is hopefully in order, freeing up more time to take care of yourself.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
But there are other factors at work at this end of the weight-age spectrum. Being overweight also carries increased risk of potentially fatal conditions, like <a href="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/WeightManagement/Obesity/Obesity-Information_UCM_307908_Article.jsp" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">heart disease and stroke</a>. So across the population, some of the average post-50s weight loss may be due to people with unhealthy extra weight dying.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
And as people get older, particularly into their 60s and 70s, weight loss may be a symptom of <a href="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/555217" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">any number of age-related conditions</a>: depression, gastrointestinal problems, cancer, etc.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
One important caveat to remember is that we're talking about population-level averages here. Your <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">individual</em> likelihood of gaining or losing weight at any point in time is influenced by all of the things that make you a unique and special snowflake: your genetic makeup, your own workout regimen, your propensity for <a href="https://twitter.com/_cingraham/status/651461892276387840" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;" target="_blank">scarfing down Jalapeno Cheetos at lunch</a>, etc.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
Still, the average numbers give a sense of what a typical person can expect in their lifetime. So if you're in your 20s, before you ditch that exercise resolution, do the following thought experiment: Take your current weight, and add two pounds for every year until you hit age 50.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
Then imagine what pants size that is.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">More from Wonkblog:</strong></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/07/want-to-reduce-obesity-legalize-medical-marijuana-researchers-say/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">Want to reduce obesity? Legalize medical marijuana.</a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/17/fat-kids-dont-know-theyre-fat-anymore-and-thats-a-big-problem/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">What happens when fat kids don't know they're fat anymore</a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 24px;">
<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/04/22/youll-never-guess-the-worlds-fattest-country-and-no-its-not-the-u-s/" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e6d9d; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">The U.S. isn't the fattest country in the world</a></div>
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Christopher Ingraham writes about politics, drug policy and all things data. He previously worked at the Brookings Institution and the Pew Research Center.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-91152767867486963112016-01-25T05:47:00.001-08:002016-01-25T05:47:06.055-08:00<header class="entry__header" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"headline"}}" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: NotoNashkArabic, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="headline" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
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The Real Reason You Get Sick After A Stressful Period Has Ended</h1>
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It's called "the let-down effect."</h2>
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<span class="timestamp__date--published" style="box-sizing: inherit;">01/24/2016 10:06 am ET</span></div>
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<span class="author-card__details__name" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.01em;">Stacey Colino</span>U.S. News & World Report</div>
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EMMET MALMSTROM VIA GETTY IMAGES</div>
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Have you ever wondered how you manage to get through a particularly <a class="" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":0}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/06/15/how-job-stress-might-be-killing-you-and-what-you-can-do-about-it" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" title="Link: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/06/15/how-job-stress-might-be-killing-you-and-what-you-can-do-about-it">stressful period</a> – whether it's an intense deadline at work, final exams in school or a spate of holiday houseguests – only to get sick after the stress has lifted?</div>
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It's not a fluke. It's a phenomenon that's often referred to as "the let-down effect," a pattern in which people come down with an illness or develop <a class="" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":1}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015/11/03/managing-cancer-as-a-chronic-condition" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" title="Link: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015/11/03/managing-cancer-as-a-chronic-condition">flare-ups of a chronic condition</a> not <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">during</em> a concentrated period of stress but <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">after</em> it dissipates, explains psychologist Marc Schoen, an assistant clinical professor of medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles and the author of "When Relaxation Is Hazardous to Your Health."</div>
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Research has linked the let-down of perceived stress with an increase in <a class="" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":2}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2014/07/15/taking-your-life-back-from-chronic-pain" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" title="Link: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2014/07/15/taking-your-life-back-from-chronic-pain">flare-ups of pain</a> and other ailments. One study found that people experience more panic attacks on the weekends, and a 2015 study from Taiwan found that holidays and Sundays have more <a class="" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":3}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015-12-14/why-do-we-continue-using-the-er-for-care" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" title="Link: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015-12-14/why-do-we-continue-using-the-er-for-care">emergency room admissions</a> for peptic ulcers than weekdays do.</div>
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In a 2014 study, researchers from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York had migraine sufferers track their symptoms and stress patterns in a three-month electronic diary; it turned out that participants' stress levels didn't impact migraine occurrence, but a decline in their perceived stress from one evening entry to the next entry was associated with increased migraine onset over the following six to 18 hours – evidence of what the researchers call a "let-down headache." The let-down effect can also happen with <a class="" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":4}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015/07/15/alternative-treatments-to-ease-asthma-and-allergies" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" title="Link: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015/07/15/alternative-treatments-to-ease-asthma-and-allergies">flare-ups of asthma</a>, autoimmune diseases (like lupus and Crohn's disease), digestive problems and skin conditions (such as eczema and psoriasis), Schoen says.</div>
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It's long been known that stress can lead to illness but only recently has evidence emerged that some people tend to get sick <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">after</em> a pressure-packed period has ended. To understand how and why this can happen, it helps to review how stress affects the body.</div>
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During acute stress, the body releases key hormones – including glucocorticoids (like cortisol), catecholamines (like norepinephrine) and adrenaline – to prepare itself to fight or flee from danger and to trigger the immune system to step up certain types of surveillance. In the process, "glucocorticoids can reactivate latent viral infections such as herpes simplex 1 [which causes cold sores] and Epstein-Barr virus [which can trigger fatigue, fever, sore throat and swollen glands], for which symptoms are only obvious after a few days," explains behavioral neuroscientist Leah Pyter, an assistant professor of psychiatry at The Ohio State University Medical Center in Columbus. That's why the symptoms may appear <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">after</em> the stress lifts – say, over a weekend, on vacation or after an exam period.</div>
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Meanwhile, while you're under pressure, the rise in cortisol and other stress hormones can protect you against the perception of pain, which is helpful in the moment because it can help you reach safety in a dangerous situation without being hindered by pain, explains psychologist Dawn Buse, director of behavioral medicine at the Montefiore Headache Center and an associate professor of neurology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. "After a stressful period has passed, the body returns to a state of normality and many of the systems that were activated calm down," she says. "This includes a drop in cortisol as well as other stress hormones [which could] set the stage to initiate a migraine." Similarly, that post-stress drop in cortisol could trigger a flare-up of other forms of chronic pain, such as <a class="" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":5}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015/12/07/coping-with-fibromyalgia-during-pregnancy" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" title="Link: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015/12/07/coping-with-fibromyalgia-during-pregnancy">fibromyalgia</a> and arthritis.</div>
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Another way the sudden decrease in pressure can set you up to crash and burn: "Emotional stress and physical stress kick up the same inflammatory response, which opens the door for illness or the let-down effect," Schoen explains. After either type of stress dies down, there's "a down-regulation of the immune system, a suppression of the immune response, [as a reaction] to the easing of stress." In addition, the surge-and-fall of stress hormones could knock down dopamine levels in the brain, which <a class="" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":6}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/08/07/7-surprising-things-that-make-you-overeat" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" title="Link: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/08/07/7-surprising-things-that-make-you-overeat">can trigger overeating</a> and substance abuse as people (unconsciously) try to raise their dopamine levels so they can feel reward and pleasure again, Schoen explains.</div>
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One of the best ways to avoid the let-down effect is to prevent the strain from getting to you in the first place. You can do this by pacing yourself when you're under pressure, getting <a class="" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":7}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/07/23/the-instant-effects-of-diet-and-exercise" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" title="Link: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2015/07/23/the-instant-effects-of-diet-and-exercise">plenty of exercise</a> and sleep, eating healthfully and taking time to decompress on a regular basis (with meditation, rhythmic breathing or other relaxation techniques), says Dr. Nieca Goldberg, medical director of the Joan H. Tisch Center for Women's Health at the NYU Langone Medical Center. "During a stressful period, have a plan that calls for breaks as you go through it" so that you're not revved up 24/7. Indeed, the body's "fight-or-flight response can be deactivated quite effectively through diaphragmatic breathing and guided visual imagery," Buse says. "Someone who has high levels of stress at work could simply take 30 seconds to focus on their breath between meetings and appointments and try to avoid the build-up of stress that could happen over the course of a day."</div>
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If it's too late for a pre-emptive approach, you can mitigate the let-down effect by helping your body de-stress slowly. "Just like you have a cool-down period after exercising, you want your body to have a tapering down of stress," Schoen explains. The key, he says, is "to keep your body slightly revved up to keep your immune system from downshifting abruptly" when the stress ends.</div>
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The best way to do this, Schoen says, is to seek the right intensity of physical and mental stimulation. For physical stimulation, "moderate exercise in quick bursts – such as jogging or walking stairs for five or six minutes at a time, several times a day – can help," Schoen says. For mental stimulation, do challenging math problems, crossword puzzles or computer games, or play chess under time pressure for 30 to 60 minutes at a time, he suggests. Do these activities for three days after a stressful period – "that's the critical window," Schoen says – and you'll improve your odds of emerging from the aftermath of stress feeling good, not sick.</div>
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<em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":8}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2016-01-06/the-let-down-effect-why-you-might-feel-bad-after-the-pressure-is-off" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">The Let-Down Effect: Why You Might Feel Bad Right After The Pressure Is Off</a> was originally published on U.S. News & World Report. </em></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">More on U.S. News: </strong><a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":9}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/slideshows/10-cold-and-flu-myths-debunked" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">10 Cold and Flu Myths Debunked</a><a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":10}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/slideshows/7-ways-technology-can-torpedo-your-health" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">7 Ways Technology Can Torpedo Your Health</a><a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":11}}" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/slideshows/12-psychological-tricks-to-get-you-through-a-workout-or-race" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">12 Psychological Tricks to Get You Through a Workout or Race</a></div>
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7 Unexpected Signs of Stress</div>
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The probiotic effect: Analyzing a regimen that's ready to fight pathogenic biofilm</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">January 12, 2016</span></div>
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<b><i>Analyzing a regimen that's ready to fight pathogenic biofilm</i></b></div>
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<i><b>By Debbie Z. Sabatini, RDH</b></i></div>
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Biofilm is the buzzword circulating the pages and airways of every health-related resource I stumble upon or subscribe to. Thousands and thousands of words are dedicated to defining what biofilm is, does, and why and how to treat it.</div>
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Those of us who keep up on biofilm are seeing more articles, products, and programs on surface disinfection, sterilization, and OSHA recommendations on biofilm in our water lines, and the importance of treating the inner surfaces of that toxic tube.</div>
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For the purpose of this article, we will focus on the toxic biofilm matrix that coats the structures of the teeth and gums. My goal for this article is that we change our conversations and the words we use among our patients and ourselves by not minimizing pathogenic biofilm and its damaging effects simply by calling it plaque.</div>
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Bacterial plaque biofilm is defined by the free dictionary as: (noun) a thick grouping of microorganisms that are very resistant to antibiotics and antimicrobial agents that live on the gingival tissues, teeth, and restorations, causing caries and periodontal diseases.</div>
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Actually, what I find perplexing is that the effects of the bacterial plaque biofilm, which are damaging and often irreversible, are the very things that are so undercommunicated to the patient.</div>
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What do you suppose the patient's response would be if we truthfully communicated the exact definition of pathogenic biofilm during the data collection portion of our risk assessment appointment? I believe it would finally put to rest the circulating fable that bacterial plaque accumulation is just from "not brushing or flossing enough." What would the reaction be if we changed the words we use to define the action or reaction of toxic biofilm to the patient's overall health?</div>
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Let's find the time to explain that the pathogenic biofilm that overpowers protective and preventive beneficial bacteria in our mouths eventually breaks down enamel by the release of lactic acid. Caries is an infection, a bacterial invasion of the tooth structure; it is not a cavity (a cavity is a hole caused by pathogenic biofilm releasing lactic acid). Pathogenic biofilm affecting the epithelial layer is a disease diagnosed as gingivitis; it is much more than bleeding gums. Let's explain that chronic biofilm exposure eats bone that supports natural teeth, a denture, partial, or an implant. This bacterial infection sadly has reached epidemic proportions, yet we still commonly refer to its generic term as periodontal disease.</div>
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Probiotics ready to fight</h2>
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This is serious! The statistics of underdiagnosed and undertreated periodontal disease are staggering. Our dialogue and actions must adapt and lead us to applying personalized medicine protocols and identifying risks in long-term health or chronic illness to our clients-not to mention the added value and expertise we provide as a professional! Do you think if we articulated this position that patients would respond, "Honey, just clean my teeth"? I'm not naïve enough to say that some won't. We need to be resolved in our execution of therapy with them. Fortunately, in my experience, the majority of responses we receive is, "Why didn't someone tell me about this sooner? And how fast can we get rid of it?"</div>
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There are many forms of biofilm disruption protocols that offices try to integrate, too numerous to discuss in this article. What I do want to share, as I do in all of my seminars, is the "why" of the disease. Identifying specific species of pathogenic biofilm via noninvasive saliva testing is quick and painless. The more information you can get on the patient's specific inflammatory burden, the more predictable your treatment outcomes will become. It makes what we do medically necessary and our therapies measurably more beneficial.</div>
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So how does understanding biofilm and identifying the specific biofilm that affects tooth structure or epithelial tissue relate to probiotics? Simply put, our highly developed immune system is designed to be on guard and readily available to fight disease and safeguard itself against pathogenic biofilm. When the oral ecosystem is out of equilibrium, symptoms of inflammation, caries, and bleeding will ultimately present themselves. In identifying the imbalance, we can support its repair by selecting a supplemental product that repopulates beneficial probiotic levels found naturally in our immune system when we are healthy.</div>
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The term "probiotics" comes from Latin and Greek words literally meaning "for life." The World Health Organization's 2001 definition of probiotics is "the use of live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host." For those who have integrated dietary probiotics into their health regimen, it has recently been published that you may already be benefiting from the therapeutic potential and inhibition of periodontal pathogens, specifically<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, and <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</sup>This means there is a bidirectional effect on probiotics taken orally and oral care probiotics, which we will address now.</div>
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Science backs up products</h2>
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Oral care probiotics are probiotics intended for the oral cavity to help maintain healthy oral flora. One of the most studied and accepted oral care probiotics is EvoraPro by Oragenics. While most probiotics are ingested orally, they are not intended to confer an oral benefit. EvoraPro's patented blend of probiotic strains (ProBiora3) naturally derive from the pockets of healthy mouths and are intended to impart an oral benefit. ProBiora3 is Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis KJ3) and Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis KJ2), which are both associated with gingival tissue health, as well as Streptococcus rattus (S. rattus JH145), which is specific to tooth health. These probiotic bacteria synergistically work as antagonists to undesirable oral bacteria associated with rampant caries, bad breath, and oral infections, all challenges dental health providers and patients face indiscriminately.</div>
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EvoraPro ideally should be taken orally every evening after normal oral hygiene routines are completed. Once activated via saliva (by chewing and swishing around the mouth, sucking on until dissolved, or crushing the tablet and placing in the mouth), ProBiora3 competes with the disease-causing pathogenic microorganisms for the same nutrient layer and space that proliferates below the gum line, deep down in the base of the pocket, and in and around the crevices of the tooth and occlusal surfaces.</div>
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In a 2009 human clinical study,<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> the effects of daily usage of EvoraPro oral care probiotics over four weeks resulted in a decrease in the levels of Streptococcus mutans in 84% of the subjects tested. Across all subjects there was an average six-fold reduction, thus reducing the risk of a caries infection from moderate to low according to the CAMBRA index. Also documented was a greater than 300-fold decrease in the levels of Campylobacter rectus, a toxic gram-negative pathogenic bacterium found in patients with periodontal disease. A greater than 100-fold decrease response was also noted in Porphyromonas gingivalis among other oral pathogens within a month of use.</div>
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Imagine the impact of helping to maintain our patients' oral health by including EvoraPro as part of optimal long-term care. With the implementation of EvoraPro3 as part of the all-natural oral ecosystem hygiene protocol, we can now assist all patients in reestablishing and/or maintaining the delicate balance between oral microflora and the host to prevent the overcolonization of undesirable microorganisms that they sometimes cannot prevent on their own.</div>
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There are three other products available for the benefit of a balanced ecosystem. Sunstar provides GUM PerioBalance,<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</sup>which contains two strains of <i>Lactobacillus reuteri (Prodentis</i>) that is derived from dairy and the human gut. When taken on a daily basis, it helps to balance the oral environment to promote healthy teeth and gums, reduce plaque, and fight bad breath.</div>
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Another product comes from BLIS Technologies. BLIS K12 is an advanced probiotic for oral and upper respiratory tract health. It is a specific and proprietary strain of S. salivarius able to help support fresh breath naturally while supporting immune system health as it relates to the mouth and upper respiratory tract.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</sup> S. salivarius M18 also satisfies patients' desire for fresher breath, healthy teeth, and plaque reduction.</div>
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The last product is a toothpaste from Germany called Plidenta Pro-T-Action. It is a first-of-its-kind probiotic toothpaste. Pro-T-Action is a specific probiotic<i> (Lacobacillus paracasei</i>), which co-aggregates Streptococcus mutans and thus reduces caries-causing bacteria in the mouth.<sup style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</sup></div>
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Please look at the manufacturer's labels and talk with your representatives when evaluating these six factors. Together you will determine the best product for your patient's condition.</div>
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In closing, bidirectional interactions between pathogenic biofilm and probiotics have a huge potential in playing an important role in the maintenance of oral health and general well-being. Including oral care probiotics will assist the patient to naturally and consistently improve oral health and maintain a balanced ecosystem easily, effectively, and consistently in between visits.</div>
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The key to maintaining oral health is to embrace its microbial ecosystem and its unique ability to thrive from exposure at birth until death. Now, with a better understanding of biofilm and probiotics, we can proactively impact the oral health of our patients and minimize the need for invasive dental or pharmacological oral care. <b>RDH</b></div>
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Which oral care probiotic should you recommend?</h2>
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<b>In researching the best probiotic regimen for you and your clients, consider these six factors:</b></div>
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<b>1. Price</b>-This is often the first concern of the clinician in anticipation of explaining the investment in dispensable items to the client.<br /><b>2. Purity</b>-The fewer the additives, flavors, impurities, the better.<br /><b>3. Potency</b>-The total count of all bacteria in the probiotic. Potency is a measure of viable bacterial or fungal cells. It is often listed as CFU or colony forming units. Read the label; it often contains "live active cultures added." Taking and storing them according to manufacturer's recommendations will ensure the percent of live cultures will be maintained.<br /><b>4. Expiration date</b>-Probiotics are most effective when they are live. Some need to be stored in the refrigerator and have a short shelf life. Others have been manufactured and freeze-dried to maintain potency for a longer time period; this is called stability.<br /><b>5. Strains</b>-Most probiotics have a combination of effective strains, which enhance the bacteria to do a specific job.<br /><b>6. Compliance</b>-How do you think your patient will integrate oral care probiotics into the oral hygiene regimen? Taking an oral care probiotic is simple and inexpensive. I suggest my clients take it when I do-30 minutes after my home-care procedures, I allow it to dissolve in my mouth before I put my bruxism appliance in.</div>
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<b>Debbie Z. Sabatini, RDH</b>, is the founder of the OralED Institute. She has presented continuing education for a number of programs: oral-systemic health, oral abnormality screening techniques for cancer prevention, oral HPV, effective communication, and technologies for risk assessment. In 2015, Sabatini cofounded the All.Cancer.Prevention.Coalition (ACPC.org), a nonprofit whose purpose is to support a medley of cancer causes with its focus on early detection through education and screening events, as well as to comfort and support patients and families diagnosed with cancer.</div>
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References</h2>
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1. van Essche M, Loozen G, Godts C, Boon N, Pauwels M, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Bacterial antagonism against periodontopathogens. J Periodontol. 2013;84(6):801-811. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.120261. Epub 2012 Aug 16.<br />2. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2009;107:682-690. oragenics.com.<br />3. <a href="http://www.periobalance.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">http://www.periobalance.com</a><br />4. http://blis.co.nz<br />5. <a href="http://www.plidenta.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">http://www.plidenta.com</a></div>
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Resources</h2>
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Thomas JG, Posey SP, Namsupak A. Probiotics: The link between beneficial oral bacteria and total health. Sherman Oaks, California. Health Point Press, 2009.</div>
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<a href="http://www.proprobiotics.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">www.proprobiotics.com</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.probiotics.org/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">www.probiotics.org</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897872/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897872/</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22632388" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22632388</a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-9947750237512292282016-01-05T14:08:00.002-08:002016-01-05T14:08:33.749-08:00<div id="containerTopParsys" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
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8 habits for mental strength: Being mentally fit for dental patients develops self-confidence</h1>
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<span class="articlepublicationdatecnt" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">December 23, 2015</span></div>
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<b>Dorothy Garlough</b></div>
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We all know that the tone, strength, and flexibility of our bodies are directly related to the exercises we do. Creating a fitness routine and following a healthy diet are the best insurance we have to sustain our physical health. Successful professionals focus on more than physical health, however; they make it a habit to strengthen their mental capacities, as well.</div>
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An internationally recognized expert on mental strength, Amy Morin, says the best leaders pay attention to what they think and to where they invest their energy. They understand that they cannot change everything, and by focusing their thoughts and skills pointedly, they orchestrate change to make a difference wherever they can. Hygienists and other leaders who practice the following habits gain greater agility, strength, and clarity in their thinking.</div>
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<b>Prioritize what is key to success. </b>Sometimes you may feel overwhelmed with your clinical schedule, and it can be easy to become distracted throughout the day. Suppose the schedule is packed, so you are tempted to forgo sharpening your instruments prior to seating your patient. Additionally, a team member has asked that you take an emergency patient's X-rays prior to the doctor's exam.</div>
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In situations like this, the best leaders will manage their time and energy carefully, devoting their efforts toward what matters most-the patient in the chair. They recognize that their efficiency and the patient's comfort are directly impacted by the sharpness of their instruments, so they see sharpening as a priority. They are happy to help with emergency patients, but they are clear and direct if they feel that the quality of care is at risk of being compromised.</div>
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Reframe thoughts from negative to positive. Everyone has a bad day occasionally, and even the most upbeat people have negative thoughts at times. Perhaps a nervous patient keeps pulling away from you as you perform a routine examination. She jumps a foot in the air when you air-dry a tooth, causing you to wonder if she might hit the roof and create a skylight in your operatory. You find yourself thinking that she is a wimp with no tolerance whatsoever. Given your busy schedule, you are becoming annoyed and impatient.</div>
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A mentally strong person can shift this negative energy into a more positive self-dialogue. Your patient is fearful and nervous of what is going on. She does not like to have you in her personal zone, and the dental chair is the last place she wants to be. By consciously observing your thoughts, you can reframe your harsh criticism of the patient into productive self-talk. With intention, you can take on the role of a coach or a good friend and determine that you are here to offer care to all of your patients.</div>
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<b>Work toward goals.</b> Successful hygienists have clear goals-both professionally and personally-and they recognize that achieving those goals is a process. These goals give meaning and purpose to their work, making it fulfilling for them. They take Thomas Jefferson's mantra about "continuous self-improvement" to heart, and they recognize that the journey toward their goals is a vital part of the process. They can set short-term gains aside in order to achieve their long-term goals. The mentally strong view obstacles and objections as challenges, and they know that these challenges are teaching them valuable skills.</div>
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Maybe you wish to add to your hygiene education, but you cannot find the time to devote a year to your education. Consider taking courses online. Recognize that, while this approach may take longer, it better suits your lifestyle, and you can be happy that you are making progress.</div>
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<b>Reflect on progress.</b> Proactive hygienists keep an eye on goals to ensure that they are moving closer to their desired results. These forward-thinkers spend time in self-reflection, examining what it is that they do well, but they also honestly assess where they need improvement.</div>
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If you have given the same spiel to a patient dozens of times and you know that the patient has tuned out and is no longer hearing you, reflect on your goals in giving the spiel. You might see that you need to approach the issue from a different angle, using different language, in order to achieve the desired effect. The mentally strong hold themselves accountable for their mistakes and maintain high expectations of themselves in order to improve conditions for themselves and others.</div>
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<b>Tolerate discomfort for a greater purpose. </b>Some people will avoid stressful situations at all costs. Perhaps you have a pushy patient who is trying to dictate his desires to you. Even though he has progressing periodontal disease, he only wishes to visit the office for annual periodontal therapy, as opposed to following your quarterly recommendation. He is difficult, and he pushes back against everything you say. You may be tempted to shut down and stop trying to educate him.</div>
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While you cannot force your patient to follow your professional advice, you can choose to enter into an uncomfortable conversation about why he comes to see you in the first place. A mentally strong person will recognize this as an opportunity to address the situation for the greater purpose of providing care. Even if you hate confrontation, you can use this pain to become a better communicator and stronger influencer.</div>
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<b>Practice gratitude.</b> You can't be at your best if you think you are being treated unfairly and deserve better (although it may be true in certain instances). The mentally fit acknowledge that they have everything they need. They express gratitude for what they have, and they know that they can create the tomorrow of their dreams by believing in themselves and remaining flexible. They are methodical and consistent in peppering their lives with actions that are founded in self-confidence and an attitude of gratitude.</div>
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<b>Balance emotions. </b>The mentally strong recognize that emotions directly impact how they feel, but they balance their emotions with logic. It is true that you live the way you feel, but by stepping away from your emotions and looking at your circumstances from a different perspective, you'll improve your ability to navigate difficult situations.</div>
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For example, imagine that a coworker has been sharp with you over the past few weeks. She is reactive, and your first response is to lash out against what you feel is a personal onslaught. Instead of inflaming the situation further, the mentally strong analyze their emotions and calmly and directly address the issue with the coworker. Learning of the stress in your teammate's life will not only help you understand the issue, but it will also alert her to the fact that her behavior is upsetting you.</div>
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Adhere to values. The mentally strong will not compromise their values for herd mentality. They know what their values are, and they adhere to a personal code of ethics. Competit<span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5;">ng tho</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5;">ion is not their motivation, and beating others is not their focus. They find fulfillment by staying true to their values-includise values that others may not understand. At the end of the day, they do not ask themselves if they won but if they succeeded in staying true to their values.</span></div>
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Perhaps the last patient of the day is late by 30 minutes due to an accident on the highway. She is scheduled for X-rays, a periodontal screening, and periodontal therapy. With no flexibility to reschedule her, you decide to proceed with the procedures. Soon, other staff members who want to go home are pacing in front of your operatory. Do you shortchange your patient on a procedure, or do you suggest that your teammates go home with the promise that you can perform the tasks required to close the office?</div>
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When habits of mental fitness are formed, your self-awareness and confidence will grow. You become an authentic person when you say what you mean and mean what you say, increasing your power. As Leonardo da Vinci said, "One can have no smaller or greater mastery than mastery of oneself." <b>RDH</b></div>
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<b>Dorothy Garlough, RDH, MPA,</b> is an innovation architect, facilitating strategy sessions and forums to orchestrate change in both the dental and corporate worlds. As an international speaker and writer, Dorothy trains others to broaden their skill-set to include creativity, collaborative innovation and forward thinking. She recognizes that engagement is the outcome when the mechanisms are put in place to drive new innovations. Connect with h</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-76025219928978236002015-12-28T13:13:00.001-08:002015-12-28T13:13:16.300-08:00<div class="entry widetitle" style="background-color: white; border: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial, FreeSans, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
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The Mediterranean Diet: Healthy and Delicious</h1>
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May is International Mediterranean Diet Month. Over the last few years, the Mediterranean cuisine has gained a popular platform for healthy eating. It's fresh, light and tasty, and it encompasses food and recipes from a multitude of countries along the Mediterranean such as Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain and Turkey.</div>
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To me, the Mediterranean diet is home. My mother was from Sicily so while my childhood friends were eating canned asparagus and frozen tater-tots, I was feasting on baked cod, homemade bean soup, mussels fra diavolo and pasta with fresh vegetables. I thought everyone ate like that! Now it's all the rage since this type of diet has been known to fight <a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200303" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #015e50; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">heart disease</a>, lower <a href="http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/80/4/1012.full" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #015e50; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">blood pressure</a> and potentially help<a href="http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/mediterranean-diet" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #015e50; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">reduce weight</a>. We didn't have a lot of money growing up, but I always felt we ate like kings. That's probably because vegetables, beans and pasta were a lot cheaper than meat, which was always served as a second and smaller course after our grains and veggies.</div>
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Characterized by ingredients such as fresh seafood, olives, legumes, soft cheeses, fresh herbs, spices, tomatoes, and a glass of red wine with dinner, the Mediterranean diet will delight anyone's taste buds. All I need is some extra-virgin olive oil and garlic, and I can make anything. That's why I love this staple Italian dish below that's delicious and cooks in about 20 minutes -- pasta with garlic and olive oil.</div>
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I'd hardly call this a recipe since it's so simple and the quantities don't really matter much. It can be eaten as is or you can use it as a base for a more complete, robust meal. For example, you can add any kind of steamed vegetable and/or grilled fish, chicken or tofu. If you're not doing gluten or pasta, exchange the pasta for brown rice or quinoa. Of course, gluten-free or whole-grain pasta will also work.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pasta With Garlic and Olive Oil</strong></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style: none outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cook a pound of your favorite <strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">pasta</strong> as directed. Do not overcook the pasta -- it should be on the chewy side.</li>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style: none outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">While the water is boiling for the pasta, coat the bottom of a frying pan with<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">extra-virgin olive oil</strong>. I prefer organic olive oil. Heat the oil slightly and add about one-half a head of <strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">chopped garlic</strong> and a couple dashes of <strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">salt</strong>. Remove it from the heat when the garlic is soft (not brown).</li>
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<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style: none outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When the pasta is done, reserve about one-quarter cup of the pasta water. Add the pasta to the garlic and oil mixture and stir it around. Then add the reserved water a little at a time. Return the mixture to the heat and cook and stir a couple of minutes.</li>
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<li class="last" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; list-style: none outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Top the dish with <strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">chopped fresh Italian parsley</strong> and <strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">grated Parmesan or Romano cheese</strong>. If you like it spicy, sprinkle in some <strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dried red pepper flakes</strong>.</li>
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As you can see, the Mediterranean diet is not really a diet, but a delicious way to eat year-round. Buon apetito!</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For more by Debbie Gisonni, <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/debbie-gisonni" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #015e50; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">click here</a>.</em></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-9488948317492183252015-12-24T06:45:00.001-08:002015-12-24T06:45:37.941-08:00<div class="entry widetitle" style="background-color: white; border: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #222222; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial, FreeSans, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
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With a Grain of Salt -- 10 Skin-Loving Salt Tips and Tricks</h1>
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<span class="posted" style="border-right-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Posted: <time datetime="2012-03-05T17:09:41-05:00" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">03/05/2012 5:09 pm EST </time></span><span class="updated" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Updated: <time datetime="2012-03-05T17:09:45-05:00" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">03/05/2012 5:09 pm EST</time></span></div>
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People can be obsessed over anything from shoes to cars. Most of us have something we collect, treasure, research, admire or lust after. My obsession is with skin. I take pleasure in finding ingredients in nature that enhance, repair, heal and protect it. I get giddy over things we have in our cupboards that can transform skin. I love to find the latest "skin miracle" at my local grocery store. I love when there is easy access for everyone to be able to indulge and use. Fundamental as it may seem, one of my long-time obsessions is with salt. I have to admit there are very few people I can call and share my excitement with. Most of my friends do not understand being shaken with delight over something like salt. It seems basic, but salt is simply amazing.</div>
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Not all salt is the same and not all salt garnishes the same skin-loving results. Salt is generally produced one of three ways: deep-shaft mining, solution mining, or solar evaporation.</div>
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Real sea salts are produced by <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sea-salt/AN01142" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">evaporating seawater</a>. This process leaves different trace minerals and elements depending on where the seawater is from. There are a wide variety of sea salts available. These include everything from salt harvested off the coast of France, to Israel and Pacific sea salts. All sea salts offer a different mineral makeup and all have different properties that are good for skin.</div>
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Table salt mined from underground salt deposits is more heavily processed and also contains an additive to prevent clumping. The <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sea-salt/AN01142" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">processing of table salt</a> eliminates the minerals and elements that are beneficial for skin.</div>
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Salts from <a href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/salt4.htm" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">deep shaft mining</a> or solution mining, such as Epsom or Himalayan salts, can also have a unique mineral component that is beneficial for skin and bath soaks.</div>
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All salts are not created equal when it comes to skin and bathing. For this reason, I only use salts that contain a mineral and trace element content that aide in the desired outcome I want to achieve when I teach "make your own" classes to both the public and professionals. When used correctly you can create effective products at home. One simple way I like to illustrate the difference between the makeup of salts is to have my students taste a grain of (pure with no additives) Dead Sea Salt (do not do this at home if it has scent or there are additives in it) and a grain of pure Pacific Sea Salt. The flavor speaks volumes on how different the mineral make up of salt can be!</div>
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There are so many beneficial uses for salt. When used as a bath soak, salt does everything from <a href="http://www.psoriasisrx.com/Dead_Sea_Psoriasis_Treatment.asp" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">help heal psoriasis and eczema</a>, to help in regulating the activity of<a href="http://www.epsomsaltcouncil.org/health/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">more than 300 enzymes</a>, flush toxins, relive stress and revive you. Bathing in Epsom salt helps <a href="http://www.epsomsaltcouncil.org/health" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">raise sulfate levels in the body</a>, which can get the detoxification pathway flowing again.</div>
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When used as a scrub salt gently cleanses pores and exfoliates (sloughs off dead skin cells to both promote skin renewal as well as reveal the softer, more youthful looking and healthier skin underneath). Exfoliating is imperative for healthy, youthful, glowing skin. Dead skin cells not only clog pores, they also make your skin look dull and lackluster and <a href="http://www.sfbsc.com/sea-salt---natures-exfoliator" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">can make your appearance age</a>. When you <a href="http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/cleansing/tips/what-is-exfoliation1.htm" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">exfoliate</a>, you remove the outer layers of dead epidermis (skin) cells, which also <a href="http://www.webmd.com/healthy-beauty/features/your-skin-are-you-doing-too-much-or-too-little" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">speeds up the skin renewal process</a>, allowing smoother, healthier skin cells and reduced wrinkles.</div>
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Economical, powerful and readily available, salt is a perfect at-home spa treatment you can both afford and use to make potent products yourself. This cost-effective beauty wonder will not only save your skin and wallet but also eliminate waste from packaging and manufacturing when you buy in bulk and make your own.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Age defying facial scrub:</strong></div>
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• 1 teaspoon honey<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• ¼ teaspoon salt (Finely milled. If you cannot find fine-milled you can put it in a food processer for a few whirls)</div>
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Optional:</div>
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• ½ teaspoon strongly brewed coffee, white, green, black or red tea<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• ½ teaspoon soymilk or cream</div>
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Directions: Place all ingredients in a food processer or blender and pulse till combined.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Stress relieving bath soak:</strong></div>
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• 1 ½ cups of Epsom salt<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• 1/8 cup of well ground oatmeal (Try to get as close to a powder as you can with the tools you have at home)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• ¼ cup of milk (Fresh or powdered. Powdered is more concentrated)</div>
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Optional:</div>
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• 2 drops of lavender essential oil<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• 3 drops of carrot oil<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• 2 drops of vitamin E<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• 2 tablespoons of orange juice</div>
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Note: If you use powdered milk you can mix the main ingredients in advance and keep in a sealed container, and add the optional ingredients directly into bath.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muscle relief soak:</strong></div>
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• 2 cups Epson salts<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• 2 cups dead sea salts<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• 1/8 cup powdered mustard<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• ¼ cup sea salt</div>
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Optional:</div>
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• 2 drops eucalyptus essential oil<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• 1/8 a teaspoon fresh ginger<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />• 2 tablespoons of strongly brewed tea of chamomile, licorice, valerian, devils claw or cramp bark</div>
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Note: You can mix the main ingredients in advance and keep in a sealed container, and add the optional ingredients directly into bath.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10 Salt Tips And Tricks</strong></div>
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1. Removing dead skin cells -- In the shower or bath after soaping gently massage your entire body with salt. It both exfoliates and aids the circulation.</div>
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2. Reviving tired, swollen achy feet -- Soak feet in a bowl or basin with a combination of equal parts baking soda, Epsom salts, and sea salts.</div>
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3. Mouth wash -- Mix equal parts of salt and baking soda for a mouthwash that freshens breath. Add 1 teaspoon of salt mixture to ¼ cup water.</div>
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4. Mosquito bites, poison ivy -- Soak in salt water to relieve itch and irritation</div>
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5. Clean your shower or tub -- If you use any type of moisturizer when bathing it can make surfaces slippery. Sprinkle equal amounts of baking soda and fine milled salt on shower floor or bathtub after bathing, and scrub away when finished to prevent oil build up.</div>
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6. To detoxify -- Use a combination of 1 cup Epsom salt, ½ cup sea salt and 1 tablespoon of kaolin clay for a detoxifying bath soak.</div>
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7. Beach waves -- Mix sea salt, coconut oil and water and put in a spray bottle. Use on wet hair to create the beach wave look when dried. How much salt you use depends on the level of curl you want and coconut oil on dryness of hair.</div>
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8. Facial toner for acne prone skin -- Mix 1 teaspoon of sea salt with 2 cups of water and 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar and put in spray bottle. Spray on face (keep out of eyes). Make sure to moisturize your skin as well.</div>
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9. For dry calloused feet -- Mix equal parts sea salt with cornmeal and baking powder for a perfect feet treat. Soak feet first to soften, then scrub and moisturize.</div>
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10. Brighten your nails -- Forget the fancy pricy nail whiteners; make your own. Mix 1 teaspoon lemon juice, 1 teaspoon of baking soda, 1-teaspoon sea salt and soak nails for reduced yellowing and to remove dirt.</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For more by Deborah Burnes, click <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-burnes" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">here</a>.</em></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For more on health and beauty, click <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/health-and-beauty" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_hplink">here</a>.</em></div>
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<h2 style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; float: left; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 3px 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">
MORE:</h2>
<span class="group" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/epsom-salt/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Epsom Salt</a></span><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/beauty-and-skin/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Beauty and Skin</a></span><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/epsom-salts/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Epsom Salts</a></span><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/dead-sea-salts/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dead Sea Salts</a></span><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/salt-and-skin/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Salt and Skin</a></span><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/salt-and-beauty/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Salt and Beauty</a></span><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/dead-sea-salt/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dead Sea Salt</a></span><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/salt-and-skin-health/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Salt and Skin Health</a></span><span class="entrytag" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/salts/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #6aa3b1; display: inline; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Salts</a></span></span></div>
</article></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-46616520715828512822015-12-24T06:36:00.002-08:002015-12-24T06:36:17.380-08:00<article class="entry-article component loaded" data-beacon="{"p":{"mlid":"entry"}}" data-mobilepath="/us/entry/567989eee4b06fa6887ed658" data-sharingimage="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/360_216/5679bbc11f0000c000e9c68f.jpeg?cache=rchnsien1l" data-sharingtitle="Let's Say Our Goodbyes To These Terrible Beauty Trends Of 2015" data-sharingtweetname="HPLifestyle" data-sharingtweettext="The beauty trends that absolutely need to stay in 2015" data-sharingurl="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/worst-beauty-trends-2015_567989eee4b06fa6887ed658" data-socialmessaging="{}" dir="ltr" id="567989eee4b06fa6887ed658" path="/us/entry/567989eee4b06fa6887ed658" style="box-sizing: inherit; float: left; font-family: NotoNashkArabic, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; padding-left: 0px; width: 653.266px;" type="article"><div class="entry-body" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<header class="entry-header" data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"headline"}}" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="headline__title-container" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<h1 class="headline__title" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-family: ProximaNovaCond-Extrabld, NotoKufiArabic-Bold, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2.375rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; visibility: visible; word-wrap: break-word;">
Let's Say Our Goodbyes To These Terrible Beauty Trends Of 2015</h1>
<h2 class="headline__subtitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #757575; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; visibility: visible;">
Drop the glitter, people.</h2>
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<div class="timestamp" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 2em; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="timestamp__date--published" style="box-sizing: inherit;">12/23/2015 06:01 am ET</span> | <span class="timestamp__date--modified" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">Updated</strong> 23 hours ago</span></div>
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<a class="author-card__details__name" data-beacon="{"p":{"lnid":"author"}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chanel-parks" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061; display: block; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; text-decoration: none;">Chanel Parks</a>Associate Style Editor, The Huffington Post</div>
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<a class="author-card__details__name" data-beacon="{"p":{"lnid":"author"}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dana-oliver" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061; display: block; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; text-decoration: none;">Dana Oliver</a>Executive Fashion And Beauty Editor, The Huffington Post</div>
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</header><div class="entry-text" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; margin: 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
Who doesn't love a good beauty trend? This year we celebrated a slew of looks, new and old. <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":0}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/22/tortoiseshell-hair-ecaille-color_n_7622146.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">"Bronde" </a>became a thing, <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":1}}" href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiN7Y7Ap_DJAhUB0SYKHZq4CT4QFggcMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2015%2F06%2F25%2Fzayn-malik-platinum-blonde-hair-paris-fashion-week_n_7662320.html&usg=AFQjCNHS8ba9qEQi4T3CSMuiPiX8-0Yfeg&sig2=N77juqNrxDiuawfy7J5pbQ&bvm=bv.110151844,d.eWE" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">platinum</a> hair made a comeback and <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":2}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/23/new-york-fashion-week-fall-2015-nail-polish_n_6732652.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">simple nail designs</a> joined them to make waves on the runways.</div>
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That being said, there were some trends that came into our lives that we would rather not see in the new year. Sorry, not sorry, but <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":3}}" href="http://www.refinery29.com/frosted-lipsticks-90s-makeup-trends#slide" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">frosted lipstick</a> didn't really make a convincing comeback. Oh, and that <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":4}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/24/funny-or-die-kylie-jenner-lips_n_7137524.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">Kylie Jenner Lip Challenge</a>? Let's just say those horrifying results are just one reason to side-eye any Internet phenomenon. </div>
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So, before we toast to 2016, let's say our goodbyes to the beauty trends and rid our souls of <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":5}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/clip-in-man-bun-groupon_5641f766e4b0307f2caedcb6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">clip-on man buns</a>. Take a look at the seven trends we're dropping in 2016, and don't forget to add your suggestions in the comments below. </div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Frosted lipstick </strong></div>
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<figure class="content-list-component entry-image" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px auto 30px;"><img class="image__src" src="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/scalefit_630_noupscale/5679b6a8160000b300eb9776.jpeg" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /><span class="entry-image__credit" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; margin-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;">JB LACROIX VIA GETTY IMAGES</span></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Yes, </span><a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":6}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/19/90s-makeup-trends-today_n_5842672.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">we tried it</span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">, but we've come to the conclusion that Mariah Carey is pretty much the only person who can really pull off a frosted lip look.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY: </strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">If you want a shiny look, just swipe a gloss over your lipstick. It's that simple.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Glitter roots </strong></div>
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<div class="content-list-component embed-asset" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 45px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<iframe allowtransparency="true" class="instagram-media instagram-media-rendered" data-instgrm-payload-id="instagram-media-payload-0" frameborder="0" height="795" id="instagram-embed-0" scrolling="no" src="https://www.instagram.com/p/_Yo2uvMAJ-/embed/?v=6" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 4px; border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 0px 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14902) 0px 1px 10px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; margin: 1px; max-width: 658px; padding: 0px; width: calc(100% - 2px);"></iframe></div>
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<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Some trends aren't worth the mess, so glittery roots can take a backseat with its particles-gone-rogue.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY: </strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Anything but glitter! </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Touch up your roots, go for a different color or just let 'em grow out.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Coffin nails</strong></div>
</div>
<div class="content-list-component embed-asset" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 45px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin PIN_1450967644216_large" data-pin-id="557461260104221749" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-radius: 3px !important; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.329412) 0px 1px 3px !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(54, 54, 54) !important; display: inline-block !important; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif !important; max-width: 536px !important; min-width: 280px !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px 32px 20px !important; position: relative !important; text-align: center !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_header" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block !important; padding: 23px 0px 24px !important; text-align: right !important;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_stats" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block !important;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_stats_repin_count" style="background: url("data:image/png!important; 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border-radius: 8px !important; border-width: 0px 0px 1px !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important;" width="100%" /></a><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_meta" style="border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0901961) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: block !important; line-height: 16px !important; padding: 15px 10px !important; position: relative !important; text-align: left !important;"><a class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_meta_name" data-pin-href="http://nails.5wii.com/nail-design/coffin-nails/21363" data-pin-log="embed_pin_domain_large" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="background: transparent !important; box-sizing: inherit; color: inherit !important; cursor: pointer !important;" target="_blank"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_meta_from" data-pin-href="http://nails.5wii.com/nail-design/coffin-nails/21363" data-pin-log="embed_pin_domain_large" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(185, 185, 185) !important; display: inline-block !important; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: bolder !important; max-width: 75%; overflow: hidden !important; text-overflow: ellipsis !important; vertical-align: top !important; white-space: nowrap !important;">from nails.5wii.com</span></a><a class="PIN_1450967644216_menu" data-pin-log="embed_pin_menu_toggle" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="background-color: transparent !important; background-image: url("https://s-passets.pinimg.com/images/pidgets/menu_1.png"); background-size: cover !important; box-sizing: inherit; color: inherit !important; cursor: pointer !important; height: 5px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 0px !important; top: 21px !important; width: 20px !important;"></a></span><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_tentpole" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; display: block !important; height: 1px !important; line-height: 1px !important; margin-top: -1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; text-align: left !important;">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text" style="box-sizing: inherit !important; display: block !important; font-size: 16px !important; height: 30px !important; line-height: 20px !important; padding: 10px !important; position: relative !important; text-align: left !important;"><a data-pin-log="embed_pin_pinner_large" href="http://www.pinterest.com/juarezaraoz/" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer !important; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank"><img alt="Monserrat Juarez Araoz" class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text_avatar" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/avatars/juarezaraoz_1436391128_60.jpg" style="border-radius: 20px !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: 40px !important; margin: 0px 8px 12px 0px !important; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1 !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: middle !important; width: 40px !important;" title="Monserrat Juarez Araoz" /></a><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text_container_pinner" data-pin-href="http://www.pinterest.com/juarezaraoz/" data-pin-log="embed_pin_pinner_large" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; font-weight: bold !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding-left: 50px !important; text-overflow: ellipsis !important; white-space: nowrap !important; width: auto !important;">Monserrat Juarez Araoz</span><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text_container_board" data-pin-href="https://www.pinterest.com/juarezaraoz/nails/" data-pin-log="embed_pin_board_large" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding-left: 50px !important; text-overflow: ellipsis !important; white-space: nowrap !important; width: auto !important;">Nails</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">According to Pinterest, coffin nails was a popular </span><a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":9}}" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/303218987389312297/" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">pinned trend</span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">. Not only is the name sort of creepy, the shape isn’t actually that healthy.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">A shorter, <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":10}}" href="http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a16916/nail-shapes/" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">"squoval" shape</a> that will protect your nails against breakage, tears and scratching someone's eyes out.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP:</strong> <strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">Clip-in man buns</strong></div>
</div>
<figure class="content-list-component entry-image" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px auto 30px;"><img class="image__src" src="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/scalefit_630_noupscale/5641fc401800009d00304418.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /><span class="entry-image__credit" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; margin-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;">GROUPON</span></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">It is virtually impossible to make these hair extensions look real. And what an embarrassment would it be to have your <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":11}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/clip-in-man-bun-groupon_5641f766e4b0307f2caedcb6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">clip-in man bun</a> fall out in the middle of an intense make-out session?</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Growing out your hair to achieve the real thing. Yeah, it may take longer, but it's certainly worth the wait. Or you can simply sport your hair as is, no matter the length.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Kylie Jenner Lip Challenge</strong></div>
</div>
<figure class="content-list-component entry-image" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px auto 30px;"><img class="image__src" src="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/scalefit_630_noupscale/5679bbc11f0000c000e9c68f.jpeg?cache=rchnsien1l" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /><span class="entry-image__credit" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; margin-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;">STEVE GRANITZ VIA GETTY IMAGES</span></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">This tragic and dangerous beauty trend that uses a <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":12}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/04/20/kylie-jenner-challenge_n_7100348.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">shot glass to "instantly" plump up lips</a> illustrates just how far young girls are willing to go to emulate what they see on TV.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Faking a fuller pout by slightly <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":13}}" href="http://www.bustle.com/articles/47180-easily-fake-fuller-lips-with-these-5-simple-steps-that-prove-kylie-jenner-really-might-just" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">overdrawing your lip line with pencils</a> or wearing a <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":14}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/emily-blunt-raspberry-lipstick-best-beauty-list_5604072ce4b08820d91bcd7e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">high-shine lip gloss</a> to help create the illusion.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Purposefully clumpy eyelashes</strong></div>
</div>
<figure class="content-list-component entry-image" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px auto 30px;"><img class="image__src" src="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/scalefit_630_noupscale/5679bcd31600000001eb9786.jpeg" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /><span class="entry-image__credit" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; margin-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;">NARS COSMETICS</span></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Ouch! While the beauty editors and writers saw models painstakingly wearing<a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":15}}" href="http://www.glamour.com/lipstick/blogs/girls-in-the-beauty-department/2015/10/lash-art-spring-2016-fashion-week" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">mascara-clumped lashes backstage</a> during New York Fashion Week Spring 2016, we could only imagine how many actual lashes they had left after removing the thick makeup.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Intensifying your natural lashes with falsies. Whether applying a full strip of fake eyelashes or adding on few individuals, this is a way better method.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Excessive contouring and highlighting</strong></div>
</div>
<div class="content-list-component embed-asset" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 45px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="1" class="youtube-flip" data-youtube-id="_dLSy75M46o" frameborder="0" height="360" id="youtube-flip-_dLSy75M46o" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_dLSy75M46o?enablejsapi=1&origin=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%;" title="YouTube video player" width="640"></iframe></div>
<div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
Unless you're a celebrity with your own glam squad or posing for a magazine editorial, leave this makeup technique to the pros. If there was ever a thing as <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">too</em>much makeup, <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">this</em> is it.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":16}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/03/soak-up-sun-safely_n_3535614.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">Soaking up some sun safely</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">… and enhancing your natural glow with a good<a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":17}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/18/best-bronzer-makeup_n_7291714.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">bronzer</a>.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">Also on HuffPost: </strong></em></div>
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<div class="slideshow__preview__text__title" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 20px; height: 50px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; width: 318.156px;">
Beauty Gifts For Your Kylie Jenner-Obsessed Friend</div>
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<h2 style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; visibility: visible;">
MORE:</h2>
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<article class="entry-article component loaded" data-beacon="{"p":{"mlid":"entry"}}" data-mobilepath="/us/entry/567989eee4b06fa6887ed658" data-sharingimage="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/360_216/5679bbc11f0000c000e9c68f.jpeg?cache=rchnsien1l" data-sharingtitle="Let's Say Our Goodbyes To These Terrible Beauty Trends Of 2015" data-sharingtweetname="HPLifestyle" data-sharingtweettext="The beauty trends that absolutely need to stay in 2015" data-sharingurl="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/worst-beauty-trends-2015_567989eee4b06fa6887ed658" data-socialmessaging="{}" dir="ltr" id="567989eee4b06fa6887ed658" path="/us/entry/567989eee4b06fa6887ed658" style="box-sizing: inherit; float: left; padding-left: 0px; text-align: start; width: 653.266px;" type="article"><div class="entry-body" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
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<h1 class="headline__title" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-family: ProximaNovaCond-Extrabld, NotoKufiArabic-Bold, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2.375rem; letter-spacing: -0.02em; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; visibility: visible; word-wrap: break-word;">
Let's Say Our Goodbyes To These Terrible Beauty Trends Of 2015</h1>
<h2 class="headline__subtitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #757575; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; visibility: visible;">
Drop the glitter, people.</h2>
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<div class="timestamp" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 2em; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="timestamp__date--published" style="box-sizing: inherit;">12/23/2015 06:01 am ET</span> | <span class="timestamp__date--modified" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">Updated</strong> 23 hours ago</span></div>
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<a class="author-card__details__name" data-beacon="{"p":{"lnid":"author"}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chanel-parks" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061; display: block; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; text-decoration: none;">Chanel Parks</a>Associate Style Editor, The Huffington Post</div>
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<a class="author-card__details__name" data-beacon="{"p":{"lnid":"author"}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dana-oliver" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061; display: block; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; text-decoration: none;">Dana Oliver</a>Executive Fashion And Beauty Editor, The Huffington Post</div>
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Who doesn't love a good beauty trend? This year we celebrated a slew of looks, new and old. <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":0}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/22/tortoiseshell-hair-ecaille-color_n_7622146.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">"Bronde" </a>became a thing, <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":1}}" href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiN7Y7Ap_DJAhUB0SYKHZq4CT4QFggcMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2015%2F06%2F25%2Fzayn-malik-platinum-blonde-hair-paris-fashion-week_n_7662320.html&usg=AFQjCNHS8ba9qEQi4T3CSMuiPiX8-0Yfeg&sig2=N77juqNrxDiuawfy7J5pbQ&bvm=bv.110151844,d.eWE" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">platinum</a> hair made a comeback and <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":2}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/23/new-york-fashion-week-fall-2015-nail-polish_n_6732652.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">simple nail designs</a> joined them to make waves on the runways.</div>
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That being said, there were some trends that came into our lives that we would rather not see in the new year. Sorry, not sorry, but <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":3}}" href="http://www.refinery29.com/frosted-lipsticks-90s-makeup-trends#slide" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">frosted lipstick</a> didn't really make a convincing comeback. Oh, and that <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":4}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/24/funny-or-die-kylie-jenner-lips_n_7137524.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">Kylie Jenner Lip Challenge</a>? Let's just say those horrifying results are just one reason to side-eye any Internet phenomenon. </div>
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So, before we toast to 2016, let's say our goodbyes to the beauty trends and rid our souls of <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":5}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/clip-in-man-bun-groupon_5641f766e4b0307f2caedcb6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">clip-on man buns</a>. Take a look at the seven trends we're dropping in 2016, and don't forget to add your suggestions in the comments below. </div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Frosted lipstick </strong></div>
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<figure class="content-list-component entry-image" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px auto 30px;"><img class="image__src" src="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/scalefit_630_noupscale/5679b6a8160000b300eb9776.jpeg" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /><span class="entry-image__credit" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; margin-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;">JB LACROIX VIA GETTY IMAGES</span></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Yes, </span><a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":6}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/19/90s-makeup-trends-today_n_5842672.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">we tried it</span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">, but we've come to the conclusion that Mariah Carey is pretty much the only person who can really pull off a frosted lip look.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY: </strong><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">If you want a shiny look, just swipe a gloss over your lipstick. It's that simple.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Glitter roots </strong></div>
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<iframe allowtransparency="true" class="instagram-media instagram-media-rendered" data-instgrm-payload-id="instagram-media-payload-0" frameborder="0" height="795" id="instagram-embed-0" scrolling="no" src="https://www.instagram.com/p/_Yo2uvMAJ-/embed/?v=6" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 4px; border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 0px 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14902) 0px 1px 10px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; margin: 1px; max-width: 658px; padding: 0px; width: calc(100% - 2px);"></iframe></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Some trends aren't worth the mess, so glittery roots can take a backseat with its particles-gone-rogue.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY: </strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Anything but glitter! </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Touch up your roots, go for a different color or just let 'em grow out.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Coffin nails</strong></div>
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<span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin PIN_1450967644216_large" data-pin-id="557461260104221749" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-radius: 3px !important; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.329412) 0px 1px 3px !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(54, 54, 54) !important; display: inline-block !important; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif !important; max-width: 536px !important; min-width: 280px !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px 32px 20px !important; position: relative !important; text-align: center !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: auto !important;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_header" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block !important; padding: 23px 0px 24px !important; text-align: right !important;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_stats" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block !important;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_stats_repin_count" style="background: url("data:image/png!important; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(168, 168, 168) !important; display: inline-block; font-size: 11px !important; font-weight: bold !important; line-height: 12px !important; margin-top: 8px !important; padding-left: 17px !important; padding-right: 10px !important;">1275</span><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_stats_like_count" style="background: url("data:image/png!important; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(168, 168, 168) !important; display: inline-block; font-size: 11px !important; font-weight: bold !important; line-height: 12px !important; margin-top: 8px !important; padding-left: 17px !important; padding-right: 10px !important;">468</span></span></span><a class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_link" data-pin-href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/557461260104221749/repin/x/" data-pin-log="embed_pin_large" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: inherit !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px auto !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; z-index: inherit !important;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_repin" data-pin-href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/557461260104221749/repin/x/" data-pin-id="557461260104221749" data-pin-log="embed_pin_repin_large" style="background: url("https://s-passets.pinimg.com/images/pidgets/repin_medium_1.png") transparent !important; box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer !important; height: 36px !important; left: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; top: -50px !important; width: 67px !important; z-index: inherit !important;"></span><img alt="coffin nails - Yahoo Image Search Results" class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_link_img" data-pin-href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/557461260104221749/" data-pin-log="embed_pin_img_large" data-pin-nopin="true" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/600x/4d/02/0a/4d020a8220d13e36910dcab5e5ebc8eb.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0901961) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-radius: 8px !important; border-width: 0px 0px 1px !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important;" width="100%" /></a><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_meta" style="border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0901961) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: block !important; line-height: 16px !important; padding: 15px 10px !important; position: relative !important; text-align: left !important;"><a class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_meta_name" data-pin-href="http://nails.5wii.com/nail-design/coffin-nails/21363" data-pin-log="embed_pin_domain_large" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="background: transparent !important; box-sizing: inherit; color: inherit !important; cursor: pointer !important;" target="_blank"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_meta_from" data-pin-href="http://nails.5wii.com/nail-design/coffin-nails/21363" data-pin-log="embed_pin_domain_large" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(185, 185, 185) !important; display: inline-block !important; font-size: 14px !important; font-weight: bolder !important; max-width: 75%; overflow: hidden !important; text-overflow: ellipsis !important; vertical-align: top !important; white-space: nowrap !important;">from nails.5wii.com</span></a><a class="PIN_1450967644216_menu" data-pin-log="embed_pin_menu_toggle" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="background-color: transparent !important; background-image: url("https://s-passets.pinimg.com/images/pidgets/menu_1.png"); background-size: cover !important; box-sizing: inherit; color: inherit !important; cursor: pointer !important; height: 5px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 0px !important; top: 21px !important; width: 20px !important;"></a></span><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_tentpole" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; display: block !important; height: 1px !important; line-height: 1px !important; margin-top: -1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; text-align: left !important;">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text" style="box-sizing: inherit !important; display: block !important; font-size: 16px !important; height: 30px !important; line-height: 20px !important; padding: 10px !important; position: relative !important; text-align: left !important;"><a data-pin-log="embed_pin_pinner_large" href="http://www.pinterest.com/juarezaraoz/" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer !important; text-decoration: none !important;" target="_blank"><img alt="Monserrat Juarez Araoz" class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text_avatar" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/avatars/juarezaraoz_1436391128_60.jpg" style="border-radius: 20px !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: 40px !important; margin: 0px 8px 12px 0px !important; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1 !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: middle !important; width: 40px !important;" title="Monserrat Juarez Araoz" /></a><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text_container_pinner" data-pin-href="http://www.pinterest.com/juarezaraoz/" data-pin-log="embed_pin_pinner_large" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; font-weight: bold !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding-left: 50px !important; text-overflow: ellipsis !important; white-space: nowrap !important; width: auto !important;">Monserrat Juarez Araoz</span><span class="PIN_1450967644216_embed_pin_text_container_board" data-pin-href="https://www.pinterest.com/juarezaraoz/nails/" data-pin-log="embed_pin_board_large" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding-left: 50px !important; text-overflow: ellipsis !important; white-space: nowrap !important; width: auto !important;">Nails</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">According to Pinterest, coffin nails was a popular </span><a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":9}}" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/303218987389312297/" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">pinned trend</span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">. Not only is the name sort of creepy, the shape isn’t actually that healthy.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">A shorter, <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":10}}" href="http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a16916/nail-shapes/" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">"squoval" shape</a> that will protect your nails against breakage, tears and scratching someone's eyes out.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP:</strong> <strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">Clip-in man buns</strong></div>
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<figure class="content-list-component entry-image" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px auto 30px;"><img class="image__src" src="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/scalefit_630_noupscale/5641fc401800009d00304418.png" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /><span class="entry-image__credit" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; margin-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;">GROUPON</span></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">It is virtually impossible to make these hair extensions look real. And what an embarrassment would it be to have your <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":11}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/clip-in-man-bun-groupon_5641f766e4b0307f2caedcb6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">clip-in man bun</a> fall out in the middle of an intense make-out session?</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Growing out your hair to achieve the real thing. Yeah, it may take longer, but it's certainly worth the wait. Or you can simply sport your hair as is, no matter the length.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Kylie Jenner Lip Challenge</strong></div>
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<figure class="content-list-component entry-image" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px auto 30px;"><img class="image__src" src="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/scalefit_630_noupscale/5679bbc11f0000c000e9c68f.jpeg?cache=rchnsien1l" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /><span class="entry-image__credit" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; margin-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;">STEVE GRANITZ VIA GETTY IMAGES</span></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
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<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">This tragic and dangerous beauty trend that uses a <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":12}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/04/20/kylie-jenner-challenge_n_7100348.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">shot glass to "instantly" plump up lips</a> illustrates just how far young girls are willing to go to emulate what they see on TV.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Faking a fuller pout by slightly <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":13}}" href="http://www.bustle.com/articles/47180-easily-fake-fuller-lips-with-these-5-simple-steps-that-prove-kylie-jenner-really-might-just" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">overdrawing your lip line with pencils</a> or wearing a <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":14}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/emily-blunt-raspberry-lipstick-best-beauty-list_5604072ce4b08820d91bcd7e" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">high-shine lip gloss</a> to help create the illusion.</span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Purposefully clumpy eyelashes</strong></div>
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<figure class="content-list-component entry-image" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px auto 30px;"><img class="image__src" src="http://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/scalefit_630_noupscale/5679bcd31600000001eb9786.jpeg" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /><span class="entry-image__credit" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #999999; display: block; font-size: 10px; margin-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;">NARS COSMETICS</span></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 630px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Ouch! While the beauty editors and writers saw models painstakingly wearing<a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":15}}" href="http://www.glamour.com/lipstick/blogs/girls-in-the-beauty-department/2015/10/lash-art-spring-2016-fashion-week" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">mascara-clumped lashes backstage</a> during New York Fashion Week Spring 2016, we could only imagine how many actual lashes they had left after removing the thick makeup.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Intensifying your natural lashes with falsies. Whether applying a full strip of fake eyelashes or adding on few individuals, this is a way better method.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">DROP: Excessive contouring and highlighting</strong></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="1" class="youtube-flip" data-youtube-id="_dLSy75M46o" frameborder="0" height="360" id="youtube-flip-_dLSy75M46o" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_dLSy75M46o?enablejsapi=1&origin=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%;" title="YouTube video player" width="640"></iframe></div>
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Unless you're a celebrity with your own glam squad or posing for a magazine editorial, leave this makeup technique to the pros. If there was ever a thing as <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">too</em>much makeup, <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">this</em> is it.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">TRY:</strong> <a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":16}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/03/soak-up-sun-safely_n_3535614.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">Soaking up some sun safely</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">… and enhancing your natural glow with a good<a data-beacon="{"p":{"mnid":"entry_text","lnid":"citation","mpid":17}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/18/best-bronzer-makeup_n_7291714.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #2e7061;" target="_blank">bronzer</a>.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 27px; padding: 0px 0px 20px;">
<em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">Also on HuffPost: </strong></em></div>
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X</div>
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Beauty Gifts For Your Kylie Jenner-Obsessed Friend</div>
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For smokers trying to quit, it is important to know that it is never too late. Tobacco cessation will enhance health, extend life, and save money; perhaps former smokers can set an example for others as well. People who are trying to quit can learn from their past experiences and mistakes and achieve success as they move forward. They can recruit the assistance of family and friends, and share experiences with others.</div>
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Keep reading for the newest in tobacco research and news.</div>
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<b>Support programs and more</b><img height="103" src="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/dam/diq/online-articles/2015/02/Lung%20Force.png" style="border: 0px; float: right; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px;" width="318" /><br />The American Lung Association offers the <a href="http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/how-to-quit/freedom-from-smoking/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">Freedom From Smoking</a>program, a support group is available online or in a group setting. The toll-free helpline is 1-800-LUNGUSA. The hotline is staffed with smoking cessation experts who can answer questions and help devise plans to quit. Medication helps many to stop, and there are several FDA-approved medications (e.g., nicotine patches and gum) that assist smokers to quit. (1) All smokers can quit, so it is important to be persistent, and find out what works best for you or your patients.</div>
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In related news, join the <a href="http://www.lungforce.org/" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">LUNG FORCE</a> movement by taking the pledge to spread awareness of the risks of lung cancer, act to reduce these risks, and raise your voice for change! There are helpful tools for those facing lung cancers, tips for communicating with the care team, questions for lung cancer care team treatment, and medication organization worksheets.</div>
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<b>ADDITIONAL RESEARCH | </b><a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.rdhmag.com/articles/print/volume-34/issue-10/features/tobacco-cessation-posters-for-dental-hygienists.html" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">Tobacco cessation posters for dental hygienists</a></div>
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<b>Recent research</b><br />A new study links breast cancer, prostate cancer, and routine infections to tobacco use, and states that an additional 60,000 to 120,000 deaths each year in the United States are probably due to tobacco use. (2) Death among current smokers is two to three times higher than among persons who never smoked. Most of this excess mortality is thought to be due to 21 common diseases formally recognized as caused by cigarette smoking. They are included in official estimates of smoking-attributable mortality in the United States. However, if smoking causes additional diseases, these official estimates may considerably miscalculate the number of deaths linked to smoking. The authors concluded that “a substantial portion of the excess mortality among current smokers between 2000 and 2011 was due to associations with diseases that have not been formally established as caused by smoking” (2).</div>
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Smoking has been connected to increased age-related thinning of the outer layer of the brain (i.e., the cortex). Good news! This damage to the cortex may be reversible after quitting—however, it could take years to recover. (3) Smokers should be aware that cigarettes are associated with accelerated cortical thinning, a biomarker of cognitive ageing.</div>
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A healthy lifestyle might prevent coronary heart disease in almost 75% of women. (4) Women who had six healthy lifestyle habits were 92% less likely to develop coronary heart disease than those who didn't have these habits. The healthy lifestyle habits assessed were not smoking, more than 2.5 hours of weekly physical activity, a healthy diet, a normal body-mass index, an average of less than 1 alcoholic drink daily, and less than 7 hours weekly television watching.</div>
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<b>How can we help others quit?</b><br />There are several ways to assist with tobacco cessation. A new study shows that financial incentives help pregnant women quit smoking:</div>
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“The control group received routine care, which was the offer of a face to face appointment to discuss smoking and cessation and, for those who attended and set a quit date, the offer of free nicotine replacement therapy for 10 weeks provided by pharmacy services, and four, weekly support phone calls.</div>
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The intervention group received routine care plus the offer of up to £400 of shopping vouchers: £50 for attending a face to face appointment and setting a quit date; then another £50 if at four weeks’ post-quit date exhaled carbon monoxide confirmed quitting; a further £100 was provided for continued validated abstinence of exhaled carbon monoxide after 12 weeks; a final £200 voucher was provided for validated abstinence of exhaled carbon monoxide at 34-38 weeks’ gestation… This phase II randomised controlled trial provides substantial evidence for the efficacy of incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy.” (5)</div>
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Remember, it is never too late! There are many benefits to stopping smoking. 20 minutes after quitting, heart rate and blood pressure drop. Two weeks to three months after quitting, circulation improves and lung function increases. (6) For more benefits, visit the American Cancer Society <a href="http://www.cancer.org/healthy/stayawayfromtobacco/guidetoquittingsmoking/guide-to-quitting-smoking-benefits" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">website</a>.</div>
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<b>References</b><br />1. FDA 101: Smoking cessation products. FDA website.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm198176.htm" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm198176.htm</a>. Accessed February 18 2015.<br />2. Carter BD, Abnet CC, Feskanich D, et al. Smoking and mortality—Beyond established causes. <i>N Engl J Med</i>. 2015;372:631-640.<br />3. Karama S, Ducharme S, Corley J,et al. Cigarette smoking and thinning of the brain’s cortex [published online ahead of print Feburary 10 2015]. <i>Mol Psychiatry</i>. 2015. doi: 10.1038/mp.2014.187.<br />4. Arnett DK. Healthy habits, healthy Women. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol</i>. 2015;65:52-54.<br />5. Tappin D, Bauld D, Purves D, et al. Financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy: Randomised controlled trial.<i>BMJ.</i> 2015;350:h134. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h134.<br />6. When smokers quit — What are the benefits over time? American Cancer Society Website.<a href="http://www.cancer.org/healthy/stayawayfromtobacco/guidetoquittingsmoking/guide-to-quitting-smoking-benefits" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">http://www.cancer.org/healthy/stayawayfromtobacco/guidetoquittingsmoking/guide-to-quitting-smoking-benefits</a>. Accessed February 18 2015.</div>
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<i>Maria Perno Goldie, RDH, MS, is the editorial director of </i>RDH eVillage FOCUS.</div>
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<a class="topical topical-previous" href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2015/02/aap-periodontal-disease-most-prevalent-among-ethnic-minorities.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0098ff; display: block; float: left; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; left: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: 45%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 30px; position: absolute; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear; vertical-align: middle;">AAP: Periodontal disease most prevalent among ethnic minorities</a></div>
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<span class="author-name" style="border: 0px; color: #777777; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Maria Perno Goldie, RDH, MS </span><span class="publish-date" style="border: 0px; color: #b4b4b4; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">12/16/2015</span><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Of greatest relevance to dental hygiene is the recommendation for fluoride varnish applications in the physician's office from six months to five years of age.</div>
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Do you feel at a loss as to how expand your dental hygiene career? This year at RDH Under One Roof, you can meet with mentors and like-minded hygienists to discuss how to make your career outside clinical practice a reality.</div>
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Students in Pakistan now have a brand-new career option: dental hygiene. A newly created Diploma in Dental Hygiene program at Aga Kahn University offers opportunities for students and improved oral health in a region that suffers from poor dental hygiene.</div>
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DENTAL PHOTO OF THE DAY</h1>
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STAY CONNECTED</h1>
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EDITOR'S PICKS</h1>
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<a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/content/diq/en/articles/2015/12/what-dentists-should-know-about-disability-insurance-part-1.html" style="border: 0px; color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">What dentists should know about disability insurance, Part 1</a></h2>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-47659552167137327592015-12-11T17:12:00.001-08:002015-12-11T17:12:10.747-08:00<div class="article entryanddisplay" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
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Child Abuse Awareness in the Dental Profession</h1>
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<div alt="" class="gig-button gig-share-button gig-button-up gig-button-count-none" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;" title="">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; width: 52px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction0-left" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction0-left_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") 0px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction0-icon" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction0-email_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -63px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 16px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction0-text" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div class="gig-button-text gig-share-button-text" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; color: #333333; float: none; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 3px; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;">
Email</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction0-right" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction0-right_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -4px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-print gig-button-container-count-none gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-vertical gig-share-button-container-vertical" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
<div alt="" class="gig-button gig-share-button gig-button-up gig-button-count-none" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction1" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;" title="">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; width: 48px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction1-left" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction1-left_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") 0px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction1-icon" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction1-print_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -79px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 16px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction1-text" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div class="gig-button-text gig-share-button-text" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; color: #333333; float: none; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 3px; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;">
Print</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction1-right" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction1-right_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -4px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-facebook gig-button-container-count-top gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-vertical gig-share-button-container-vertical" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; width: 75px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td align="center" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: auto;"><div class="gig-counter gig-share-counter gig-counter-$rid gig-counter-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-count" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -8px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 37px; line-height: 37px; margin: 0px auto 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; vertical-align: middle; width: 55px; zoom: 1;">
<span class="gig-counter-text gig-share-counter-text gig-counter-text-top gig-share-counter-text-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-count-value" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: block; float: none; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -2px; width: auto; zoom: 1;">0</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td class="gig-button-td" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div alt="" class="gig-button gig-share-button gig-button-up gig-button-count-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;" title="">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center; width: 75px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-left" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-left_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") 0px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-icon" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-facebook_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -95px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 16px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-text" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div class="gig-button-text gig-share-button-text" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; color: #333333; float: none; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 3px; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;">
Facebook</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-right" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction2-right_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -4px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-twitter gig-button-container-count-top gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-vertical gig-share-button-container-vertical" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; width: 59px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td align="center" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: auto;"></td></tr>
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td class="gig-button-td" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div alt="" class="gig-button gig-share-button gig-button-up gig-button-count-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction3" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;" title="">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center; width: 59px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction3-left" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction3-left_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") 0px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
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</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction3-icon" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction3-twitter_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -111px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 16px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction3-text" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div class="gig-button-text gig-share-button-text" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; color: #333333; float: none; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 3px; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;">
Twitter</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction3-right" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction3-right_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -4px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-linkedin gig-button-container-count-top gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-vertical gig-share-button-container-vertical" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; width: 67px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td align="center" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: auto;"><div class="gig-counter gig-share-counter gig-counter-$rid gig-counter-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-count" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -8px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 37px; line-height: 37px; margin: 0px auto 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; vertical-align: middle; width: 55px; zoom: 1;">
<span class="gig-counter-text gig-share-counter-text gig-counter-text-top gig-share-counter-text-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-count-value" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: block; float: none; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -2px; width: auto; zoom: 1;">1</span></div>
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<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td class="gig-button-td" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div alt="" class="gig-button gig-share-button gig-button-up gig-button-count-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;" title="">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-left" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-left_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") 0px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-icon" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-linkedin_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -127px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 16px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-text" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div class="gig-button-text gig-share-button-text" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; color: #333333; float: none; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 3px; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;">
LinkedIn</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-right" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction4-right_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -4px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-google-plusone gig-button-container-count-top gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-vertical gig-share-button-container-vertical" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
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<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-share gig-button-container-count-top gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-vertical gig-share-button-container-vertical" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; width: 55px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td align="center" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: auto;"><div class="gig-counter gig-share-counter gig-counter-$rid gig-counter-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction6-count" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -8px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 37px; line-height: 37px; margin: 0px auto 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; vertical-align: middle; width: 55px; zoom: 1;">
<span class="gig-counter-text gig-share-counter-text gig-counter-text-top gig-share-counter-text-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction6-count-value" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: block; float: none; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -2px; width: auto; zoom: 1;">1</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; table-layout: fixed; text-align: center; width: 55px;"><tbody style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction6-left" style="background: none; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction6-left_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") 0px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction6-icon" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png") repeat-x; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-gigyashare-reaction6-share_img" style="background: url("http://cdn1.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bemail%2Cprint%2Cfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16") -159px 0px no-repeat; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 16px;">
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<b>A Peer-Reviewed Publication Written by Richard H. Nagelberg, DDS</b></div>
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Abstract</h2>
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Children who have been physically or sexually abused or who experience medical/dental neglect may present to a dental health professional for evaluation. It is an ethical and legal responsibility for the dental clinician examining such a child to report their findings to the appropriate child protective agency. This course provides information to help the dental professional identify child maltreatment. There is discussion of what constitutes child maltreatment, what external and intraoral signs may be seen, the past history which may suggest abuse and neglect, the risk factors that may predict maltreatment, and how to proceed when the appropriate authorities need to be notified.</div>
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Educational Objectives</h2>
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At the conclusion of this educational activity participants will be able to:</div>
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1. Identify what constitutes child maltreatment.<br />2. Describe the facial and oral injuries consistent with physical child abuse.<br />3. Identify the oral signs that may be associated with sexual abuse.<br />4. Implement examination protocols that help to identify possible abuse.</div>
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To view this entire course, <a adhocenable="false" href="http://www.rdhmag.com/content/dam/rdh/print-articles/Volume35/Issue11/1511RDH_91.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #3b5998; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">click here.</a></div>
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</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-count-top gig-button-container-twitter gig-button-container-twitter-count-top gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-horizontal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 30px; padding-top: 0px !important; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 59px;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td align="center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: auto;"></td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td class="gig-button-td" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div alt="" class="gig-button gig-share-button gig-button-up gig-button-count-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;" title="">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 59px;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction1-left" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction1-left_img" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn2.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16"); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction1-icon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png"); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction1-twitter_img" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn2.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16"); background-origin: initial; background-position: -79px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 16px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction1-text" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png"); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div class="gig-button-text gig-share-button-text" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; color: #333333; float: none; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 3px; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;">
Twitter</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction1-right" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction1-right_img" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn2.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16"); background-origin: initial; background-position: -4px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-count-top gig-button-container-linkedin gig-button-container-linkedin-count-top gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-horizontal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 30px; padding-top: 0px !important; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 67px;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td align="center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: auto;"><div class="gig-counter gig-share-counter gig-counter-$rid gig-counter-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-count" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn2.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16"); background-origin: initial; background-position: -8px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 37px; line-height: 37px; margin: 0px auto 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; vertical-align: middle; width: 55px; zoom: 1;">
<span class="gig-counter-text gig-share-counter-text gig-counter-text-top gig-share-counter-text-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-count-value" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: block; float: none; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -2px; width: auto; zoom: 1;">1</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td class="gig-button-td" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div alt="" class="gig-button gig-share-button gig-button-up gig-button-count-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; cursor: pointer; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;" title="">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; color: #4d4d4d; float: none; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-left" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-left_img" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn2.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16"); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-icon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png"); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-linkedin_img" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn2.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16"); background-origin: initial; background-position: -95px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 16px;">
</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-text" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn.gigya.com/gs/i/shareBar/button/buttonCenterImgUp.png"); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><div class="gig-button-text gig-share-button-text" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; color: #333333; float: none; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 3px; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;">
LinkedIn</div>
</td><td id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-right" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: auto;"><div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction2-right_img" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("http://cdn2.gigya.com/gs/GetSprite.ashx?path=%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2Fbutton%5Bleft%2Cright%5DImg%5Bup%2Cover%5D.png%7C2%2C20%5E%2FshareBar%2Fbutton%2FtopCountImg.png%7C55%2C37%5E%2Fsharebar%2Ficons%2F%5Bfacebook%2Ctwitter%2Clinkedin%2Cgoogle%2Cshare%5D.png%7C16%2C16"); background-origin: initial; background-position: -4px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 2px;">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; width: auto; zoom: 1;"><div class="gig-button-container gig-button-container-count-top gig-button-container-google-plusone gig-button-container-google-plusone-count-top gig-share-button-container gig-button-container-horizontal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: inline-block; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 30px; padding-top: 0px !important; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
<div id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; float: none; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; width: auto;">
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<span class="gig-counter-text gig-share-counter-text gig-counter-text-top gig-share-counter-text-top" id="child-abuse-awareness-in-the-dental-profession-leftcolumn-article-toolssponsor-gigya-tools-share-reaction4-count-value" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; display: block; float: none; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -2px; width: auto; zoom: 1;">1</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-12213954974322832212015-11-25T08:27:00.001-08:002015-11-25T08:27:47.437-08:00<section class=" " id="sp-main-body-wrapper" style="background: rgba(246, 180, 74, 0) !important; color: #666666; font-family: 'Droid Serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px !important;"><div class="container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 1170px; width: 1170px;">
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Bone Grafting for Dental Implant Placement</h2>
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<em>From an anatomical standpoint, it is important for the clinician to clearly understand the anatomical landmarks of bone and the innervation points that are associated with them. This is especially true for more advanced grafting cases and sites. There are plenty of continuing education venues available....</em></div>
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Ideal bone support affects the health of dental implants in many ways. Not only is bone around a dental implant needed to support the implant, but the surrounding bone also supports the soft tissue, which in turn affects hygiene, aesthetics, and the overall health of the implant itself. Bone grafting, to support deficient bone for implant placement and health, is often a concurrent discipline of dentistry that goes hand in hand with implant treatment. This month’s <em>Implants Today</em> has an outstanding article by <em>Dentistry Today</em>’s implant advisory board member Dr. Randy Resnik on bone grafting for oral implantology. This article highlights the main concepts and materials related to grafting bone.</div>
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In order to be able to graft bone for implant health and support, various aspects of grafting science and adjunctive principles need to be understood.</div>
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<em>It is important to understand bone biology, and the basic cellular process that occurs in bone.</em> For example, through understanding the role of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, the clinician can better visualize what is happening when a graft material is placed into a site and remodels into mature bone. Understanding bone biology also helps to gleam insight into how newer grafting concepts such as recombinant version of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) works. Dr. Resnik talks about this in his article and shows examples.</div>
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<em>It is important to understand bone anatomy.</em> Through understanding the different Misch division classifications of bone—D1, D2, D3, D4—including their respective hardness and where they are found in the mouth, many clinical decisions can be made. For instance, the posterior maxilla usually has soft D4 bone, where longer healing times and less osteotomy preparation is needed. From an anatomical standpoint, it is important for the clinician to clearly understand the anatomical landmarks of bone and the innervation points that are associated with them. This is especially true for more advanced grafting cases and sites. There are plenty of continuing education venues available covering these topics, including cadaver and grafting courses offered by the implant organizations, such as the American Academy of Implant Dentistry.</div>
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<em>It is important to understand the available grafting materials and properties of each.</em> There are various choices of grafting materials available and Dr. Resnik’s article spells out the choices of autografts and allografts very clearly. Every graft material choice is osteconductive, meaning it is a basic scaffold allowing bone cells to take over and grow bone. Allografts (donor bone) can be osteoinductive, meaning these help induce bone growth from surrounding bone. Only an autograft, a patient’s own bone, has osteogenic properties, meaning it can initiate bone growth on its own. Through understanding these principles, a clinician can choose the appropriate material, depending on the size of the defect. The handling properties of the various available materials have to also be taken into consideration. Whether the material is a particulate material or a putty creates a different clinical treatment for a grafting site. The handling properties of a material can also influence whether or not a membrane needs to be used. The purpose of a membrane is to exclude soft tissue and contain the graft material. For example, often times with some grafting putties, because of their rigidity and containment, a membrane is not necessary.</div>
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<em>It is important to understand how to handle the soft tissue around a graft site and suturing techniques.</em> An important aspect of bone grafting is getting closure of soft tissue around a graft site, and obtaining good keratinized tissue in the area. Even though bone grafting is about hard tissue, the surrounding soft tissue plays a large part of the graft’s success. Flap design, suturing techniques, and even soft tissue augmentation comes into play when grafting bone. It is beneficial for a clinician to be adept at manipulation of the soft tissue and suturing procedures, especially in more advanced bone grafting cases.</div>
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<em>It is important for a clinician to utilize information from CBCT scanning technology.</em> For many reasons, a CBCT comes into the picture when a bone graft is being treatment planned and done. From a medical/legal standpoint, a preoperative CBCT before grafting is done can offer ideal protection; with respect to visualizing variant anatomy, relating the graft to the prosthetic end point, and helping visualize the proposed implant position. While this may not be needed for a 5-wall extraction site defect, it becomes more important as increased walls of bone are missing. A postoperative CBCT scan done after the graft has healed is also important before placing implants so that the clinician can see the volume of bone generated, the quality of bone generated, and the final planned implant position.</div>
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This important area of implant dentistry, bone grafting, requires many considerations for success. While at first glance it appears to be a hard-tissue-focused discipline, for true success, a clinician needs to have an understanding of the following: the biology of bone; bone anatomy itself and the surrounding anatomy being grafted; the various materials that are available and properties of them; the soft tissue around the graft and how to handle the tissue and suture it; and be able to utilize CBCT scan information to tie it all together. Once these principles are combined, bone grafting becomes a real science and art for treatment success.</div>
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</footer><span style="color: #666666; font-family: 'Droid Serif'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">- See more at: http://www.dentistrytoday.com/component/k2/item/536-bone-grafting-for-dental-implant-placement#sthash.aho743xx.dpuf</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3974964276413764563.post-82000383675000634122015-11-15T08:46:00.001-08:002015-11-15T08:46:03.559-08:00Dental X-rays - American Dental Association<a href="http://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/az-topics/x/x-rays#.Vki2x3ZitTk.blogger">Dental X-rays - American Dental Association</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15754716677132086371noreply@blogger.com0